First report of black rot of Colocasia esculenta caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata in Brazil

Abstract

Ceratocystis fimbriata was found sporulating in gray to black discolored areas on edible corms of Colocasia esculenta found in supermarkets in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Rondônia and the Distrito Federal. In most cases the corms were grown in the state of São Paulo. The black rot appeared to occur post-harvest. Sequences of rDNA indicated that the Colocasia sp. isolates belong to the Latin American clade of the C. fimbriata complex, but the isolates were more aggressive than isolates from Ficus carica and Mangifera indica, in pseudopetioles of C. esculenta.Additional keywords: Aracerae, inhame, taro. RESUMO Primeiro relato de Ceratocystis fimbriata causando podridão negra em inhame no BrasilCeratocystis fimbriata foi encontrado em tubérculos de inhame (Colocasia esculenta), apresentando lesões escuras, pouco profundas, contendo estruturas de reprodução do fungo, cuja coloração variava do cinza ao negro. As amostras foram coletadas em supermercados, quitandas e varejões nos Estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Rondônia e Distrito Federal que, na maioria dos casos, comercializavam inhame produzido no Estado de São Paulo. Os sintomas de podridão negra indicam se tratar de uma doença de pós-colheita. Seqüências de rDNA indicam que os isolados de Colocasia sp. pertencem ao clado da America Latina do complexo C. fimbriata, embora esses isolados sejam mais agressivos em pseudo-pecíolos de C. esculenta do que os isolados de Ficus carica e Mangifera indica.Palavras-chave adicionais: Aracerae, inhame, taro.

Genetic diversity and interfertility among highly differentiated populations of Ceratocystis fimbriata in Brazil

“…The 20 isolates of the fig population FicSP2 were sampled in 2001 and 2002 from commercial plantations in the vicinity of Valinhos, São Paulo (Valarini & Tokeshi, 1980), the primary area of commercial fig production in Brazil. The inhame population ColSP3 consisted of isolates obtained in 2002 from inhame corms with black rot symptoms purchased directly from farmers in distribution markets or a small grocery store near the major inhame‐growing region of Piedade, São Paulo (Harrington et al. , 2005).…”

“…Substantial mortality of Ficus carica (edible fig) is caused by C. fimbriata in São Paulo, the only major fig‐growing area in Brazil (Valarini & Tokeshi, 1980). Ceratocystis fimbriata and relatives cause a corm rot of Colocasia esculenta (inhame or taro) and related Araceae, and C. fimbriata sensu stricto is a common cause of black rot in corms of inhame in the state of São Paulo (Harrington et al. , 2005; Thorpe et al.…”

Resistance to Ceratocystis Wilt (Ceratocystis fimbriata) in Parents and Progenies of Eucalyptus grandis x E. urophylla

“…Besides eucalyptus, C. fimbriata also infects other crops of economic importance, such as mango (Mangifera indica L.) (VIE- GAS, 1960), coffee (Coffea arabica L.) (MARIN, 2003), black-wattle (Acacia mearnsii of Wild.) (RIBEIRO and ITO, 1988;SANTOS and FERREIRA, 2003), taro (Colocasia esculenta) (HARRINGTON et al, 2005) and crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea L.) (RIBEIRO et al, 1977). The main symptoms caused by C. fimbriata in eucalyptus are wilting, canker and wood darkening.…”

Genetic Analyses Trace the Yunnan, China Population of Ceratocystis fimbriata on Pomegranate and Taro to Populations on Eucalyptus in Brazil

“…Although the ITS sequences of C. fimbriata isolates from Yun nan and Sichuan are similar to those of taro isolates in Brazil (22,38), and C. fimbriata strains are easily spread in infected corms of taro and other Araceae (20,34), the ITS5 haplotype, the mating type haplotype 3a, and the microsatellite alleles found in Yunnan are distinct from those of taro isolates in Brazil, and from sweet potato isolates in Asia and elsewhere (18). Instead, the genetic markers for the Yunnan isolates are typical for Eucalyptus isolates in Minas Gerais and Bahia, where the pathogen is native and diverse, but some genotypes are common in Eucalyptus cuttings used for rooting and establishment of clonal plantations (12)(13)(14)18,19).…”

“…and hybrids. A. mangium can be vegetatively propagated, so C. fimbriata may be moved in A. mangium cuttings, as it can be in taro (20,34) and probably pomegranate, which also is propa gated from hardwood cuttings or air layering. However, it is possible that some cuttings were also taken from this region of Brazil and brought to China.…”