Ceratocystis fimbriata was found sporulating in gray to black discolored areas on edible corms of Colocasia esculenta found in supermarkets in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Rondônia and the Distrito Federal. In most cases the corms were grown in the state of São Paulo. The black rot appeared to occur post-harvest. Sequences of rDNA indicated that the Colocasia sp. isolates belong to the Latin American clade of the C. fimbriata complex, but the isolates were more aggressive than isolates from Ficus carica and Mangifera indica, in pseudopetioles of C. esculenta.Additional keywords: Aracerae, inhame, taro. RESUMO Primeiro relato de Ceratocystis fimbriata causando podridão negra em inhame no BrasilCeratocystis fimbriata foi encontrado em tubérculos de inhame (Colocasia esculenta), apresentando lesões escuras, pouco profundas, contendo estruturas de reprodução do fungo, cuja coloração variava do cinza ao negro. As amostras foram coletadas em supermercados, quitandas e varejões nos Estados de São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia, Rondônia e Distrito Federal que, na maioria dos casos, comercializavam inhame produzido no Estado de São Paulo. Os sintomas de podridão negra indicam se tratar de uma doença de pós-colheita. Seqüências de rDNA indicam que os isolados de Colocasia sp. pertencem ao clado da America Latina do complexo C. fimbriata, embora esses isolados sejam mais agressivos em pseudo-pecíolos de C. esculenta do que os isolados de Ficus carica e Mangifera indica.Palavras-chave adicionais: Aracerae, inhame, taro.
Heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) was used to determine genomic diversity among African isolates of coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasmas causing Cape St. Paul wilt disease (CSPD, Ghana), lethal disease (LD, Tanzania), and lethal yellowing (LYM, Mozambique). They were also compared to the Caribbean phytoplasma associated with coconut lethal yellowing (LY). A DNA fragment of 1850 bp covering the 16S rRNA gene and 16/23S intergenic spacer region of each isolate was amplified with primers P1 and P7 and subsequently submitted to HMA analysis for sequence variation. A PCR product amplified from GH5D (CSPD isolate) as a reference was combined with each PCR product and electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. Three groups of phytoplasmas associated with various coconut lethal yellowing diseases were identified by HMA. The samples from Mozambique (LYM) and Ghana (CSPD) formed one group, which was different from the second group, LD from Tanzania. These two groups were different from the third group of Caribbean isolates. This grouping was consistent with the genetic diversity described in the coconut yellowing-associated phytoplasmas detected after cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. The HMA technique described here has the potential to provide a simple and rapid means to identify and to establish the diversity of isolates within the coconut lethal yellowing disease group. Keywords: Phytoplasmas, Coconut lethal disease, genomic diversity. RESUMO Variabilidade genética entre isolados do Coconut lethal yellowing phytoplasmas determinada pela mobilidade eletroforética dos ADNs heteroduplexesA mobilidade eletroforética dos ADNs heteroduplexes foi usada para determinar a diversidade genômica entre isolados africanos dos fitoplasmas do amarelecimento letal dos coqueiros que causam as doenças denominadas, Cape St. Paul wilt disease (CSPD, Gana), lethal disease (LD, Tanzânia) e o lethal yellowing (LYM, Moçambique). Eles foram também comparados com o fitoplasma do Caribe que causa o Coconut lethal yellowing (LY). Fragmentos de ADN de 1850 pb, cobrindo a região do 16S rRNA e a região intergênica 16S-23S rRNA, de cada isolado, foram amplificados com os primers universais P1/P7 e submetidos a análise por HMA. Um produto de PCR amplificado a partir de ADN obtido do isolado GH5D, CSPD-Ghana, foi usado como referência e combinado com cada um dos produtos PCR dos outros isolados e submetidos à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida. Três grupos de fitoplasmas associados a várias doenças de amarelecimento letal de coqueiros foram identificados por HMA. As amostras de Moçambique (LYM) e Ghana (CSPD) formam um grupo que difere do segundo grupo, LD da Tanzânia. Esses dois grupos são diferentes do terceiro grupo formado pelos isolados do Caribe. Esses resultados foram consistentes com aqueles que demonstraram a diversidade genética para o complexo do LY através de clonagem, seqüenciamento e análises filogenéticas. A técnica de HMA demonstrou ser um método simples e rápido para identificar e estabelecer a diversidade de iso...
Quarantine Service interception of virus in imported meristem cultures of banana In 2003, banana (Musa sp.) producers located in the Northeast Region of Brazil imported a great number of micropropagated banana plantlets with the objective of enhancing production for exportation and internal consumption. Although it is an important activity for agribusiness, these importations can introduce and/or spread exotic and economically important pests to Brazil, causing serious damage to our agriculture. With the objective of minimizing the risk of virus introduction, representative samples from a group of 140,000 banana buds imported from Costa Rica were analyzed by ELISA tests at the Quarantine Laboratory of Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (Cenargen). Banana bract mosaic virus, which is an exotic virus to Brazil and Banana streak virus were detected in the analyzed material. Although the acquisition of new genotypes is very important for the implementation of banana production in Brazil, it is shown here that the risk of introduction and dissemination of viruses associated with the material is real, and therefore, the need of phytosanitary measures to minimize those risks must be emphasized.
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