Desenvolvimento de plântulas de pessegueiro 'Okinawa' inoculadas com micorrizas arbusculares isoladas de pomares de pessegueiros e de vinhedos

Abstract

RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência das espécies de micorrizas arbusculares (MA) Glomus clarum e Glomus etunicatum isoladas de pomares de pessegueiros e de vinhedos sobre o crescimento vegetativo, conteúdo de macronutrientes e substâncias de reserva em plantas do porta-enxerto de pessegueiro cv. Okinawa. O experimento foi conduzido em telado, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com 15 plantas por parcela e quatro repetições. A inoculação dos isolados de MA favoreceu a absorção de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, contribuindo para que as plantas inoculadas apresentassem as maiores respostas em altura, diâmetro, área foliar, biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea, e conteúdo de reservas, superiores às plantas não inoculadas. A eficiência da simbiose foi maior com os isolados oriundos de pomares de pessegueiros, quando comparados aos isolados oriundos de vinhedos. Termos para indexação: Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum, propagação de plantas. SEEDLINGS DEVELOPMENT OF PEACH 'OKINAWA' INOCULATED WITH ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL ISOLATED FROM PEACH ORCHARDS AND VINEYARDSABSTRACT -This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) Glomus clarum and Glomus etunicatum species isolated of peach orchards and vineyard on the vegetative growth, content of nutrients and carbohydrate contents on peach rootstocks cv. Okinawa. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a split-plot experiment, with 15 plants per plots and four repetitions. AM inoculation favored the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, contributing so that the plants presented the largest answers in height, diameter, foliate area, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part, and carbohydrate contents, superiors to non inoculated plants. The efficiency of the symbiosis was bigger with isolated deriving of peach tree orchards, when compared with isolated deriving of grapevine orchards. Index terms: Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum, plant propagation. INTRODUÇÃOA eficiência da simbiose é representada pela capacidade das micorrizas arbusculares (MA) em estimular o crescimento da planta e é dependente da genética do fungo e do hospedeiro e das respostas diferenciadas das espécies de MA aos fatores climáticos e às características químicas e físicas do solo (NUNES et al., 2011). Desta forma, têm sido relatadas diferenças entre as espécies de MA na promoção do crescimento e do desenvolvimento de uma mesma espécie vegetal, sendo interpretadas como especificidade (STÜRMER; SIQUEIRA, 2011) ou compatibilidade funcional entre o hospedeiro e o fungo (SCHREINER, 2007). Herrera-Medina et al. (2007) observaram que esta especificidade funcional está relacionada com o papel que os hormônios vegetais, especialmente o ácido abscísico (ABA), desempenham durante o estabelecimento da simbiose. Estes autores relataram que o ABA contribui para que a espécie vegetal tenha, ou não, suscetibilidade à infecção do FMA, em função de seu importante papel, relacionado com o desenvolvi...

Growth and physiology of the citrange ‘Fepagro C37 Reck’ rootstock innoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

“…P, Cu, and Fe showed the highest relative values in mycorrhizal plants. Similar results were reported by Nunes et al (2009) and Nunes et al (2013), who found that P contents were higher and Mg were lower in mycorrhizal plants than the controls. Averages followed by the same letter, between rows, do not differ by Duncan's test, at the level of 5% (*) or 1% (**) of significance.…”

“…AMF had no influence on the reserve contents of the tissues, ranging from 31.6% to 34% in the shoot and 13.9% to 24.2% in the roots ( Table 5). The effect of AMF on the reserve content of the plants is variable, and there are reports of positive effects (Nunes et al, 2008a;Nunes et al, 2013), null effect (Nunes et al, 2008b), and even negative effects (Souza et al, 2005) attributed to carbohydrate dilution in the cells as the result of the greater vigor and development provided by the AMF.…”

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on young vines in copper-contaminated soil

“…, 2010 ) as well as by other strategies, including the chelation of trace elements by organic compounds released into the soil or present in the plasma membrane interface and compartmentalization of Cu in spores and vesicles ( Ferrol et al , 2009 ; Bedini et al , 2010 ; Cornejo et al , 2013 ). However, certain AMF and plant species may have no affinity ( Nunes et al , 2013 ), which may be the cause of the growth at levels lower than the control plants in vines inoculated with D. heterogama or A. colombiana . Mycorrhizal symbiotic efficiency is known to vary among AMF and host plants ( Moreira and Siqueira, 2006 ), which may be more evident in situations of stress, such as soil contamination with trace elements.…”

“…The linear correlation between shoot P accumulation and colonization percentage was significant (r = 0.80; P < 0.05) and may be related to the affinity of the particular AMF isolates for the plant ( Nunes et al. , 2013 ).…”

Mycorrhizal Inoculation on the Production of Seedlings of Native Caatinga Species

“…(Oliveira, Campos et al, 2015), acerola cherry (Malpighia emarginata DC.) (Balota et al, 2011), coffee (Coffea arabica L.) (França et al, 2014), peaches (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) (Nunes et al, 2013), among others. Seedlings inoculated with AMF present many benefits; among them we can mention their survival, which is often increased due to the adaptation to environmental variations induced by several mechanisms, i.e., greater development of the root system and the photosynthetically active area, as well as greater water and nutrient absorption (Smith & Read, 2008).…”