Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on young vines in copper-contaminated soil

Abstract

High copper (Cu) levels in uprooted old vineyard soils may cause toxicity in transplanted young vines, although such toxicity may be reduced by inoculating plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of AMF on the plant growth, chlorophyll contents, mycorrhizal colonization, and Cu and phosphorus (P) absorption in young vines cultivated in a vineyard soil contaminated by Cu. Commercial vineyard soil with high Cu levels was placed in plastic tubes and transplanted with young vines, which were inoculated with six AMF species (Dentiscutata heterogama, Gigaspora gigantea, Acaulospora morrowiae, A. colombiana, Rhizophagus clarus, R. irregularis) and a control treatment on randomized blocks with 12 replicates. After 130 days, the mycorrhizal colonization, root and shoot dry matter (DM), height increment, P and Cu absorption, and chlorophyll contents were evaluated. The height increment, shoot DM and chlorophyll contents were not promoted by AMF, although the root DM was increased by R. clarus and R. irregularis, which had the greatest mycorrhizal colonization and P uptake. AMF increased Cu absorption but decreased its transport to shoots. Thus, AMF species, particularly R. clarus and R. irregularis, contribute to the establishment of young vines exposed to high Cu levels.

Copper accumulation in vineyard soils: Rhizosphere processes and agronomic practices to limit its toxicity

“…Moreover, the number of lateral roots often increases with also an evident plasmolysis of some epidermis cells. Taken together, these phenomena are able to cause a clear contraction of the root density (Chen et al, 2013;Juang et al, 2014Juang et al, , 2011Zhang et al, 2014) which, in turn, has an impact in the root capacity to acquire nutrients and water; in these conditions, also the root capability to take up other nutrients is impaired inducing, for example, symptoms of deficiency (Ambrosini et al, 2015b). Considering in particular the Cu acquisition process, it is interesting to note that living organisms have developed a complex homeostatic system to regulate the acquisition and use of Cu (Sancen on et al, 2003).…”

Parâmetros fisiológicos em videiras ‘Paulsen 1103’ (Vitis berlandierixVitis rupestris) inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em solo contaminado com cobre

“…Além disso, esses fungos provavelmente aumentaram a absorção de água e outros nutrientes, especialmente o P, contribuindo para uma melhor nutrição da planta (Gupta et al, 2014). A produção de MS observada corrobora com os resultados obtidos por Ambrosini et al (2015), em estudo com videiras jovens inoculadas com seis espécies de FMA, onde as videiras inoculadas com R. clarus apresentaram maior produção de MS.…”

“…Os FMA também podem amenizar os efeitos da toxicidade de metais por meio de outros mecanismos, como a retenção dos metais no micélio fúngico ou pela melhoria do estado nutricional de fósforo (P) das plantas simbiônticas (Soares e Siqueira, 2008;Ambrosini et al, 2015). A melhoria da nutrição de P às plantas pode proporcionar a formação de compostos de ligação metal-fosfato, complexando os metais nas raízes e evitando o seu transporte para a parte aérea (Soares e Siqueira, 2008).…”

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on early development of persimmon seedlings

“…This same fungal species was mentioned by Anjos et al (2005) as one that contributed to the growth of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) plants. Additionally, Ambrosini et al (2015) observed that the species A. morrowiae with the species Gigaspora gigantea, Rhizophagus clarus and R. irregularis promoted the growth of young vines (Vitis sp.) cultivated in a copper-contaminated soil.…”