Apple biological and physiological disorders in the orchard and in postharvest according to production system

Martins, Carlos Roberto; Hoffmann, Alexandre; Rombaldi, César Valmor; Farias, Roséli de Mello; Teodoro, Adenir Vieira

doi:10.1590/s0100-29452013000100001

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…The occurrence of lenticel breakdown in apples have been recorded in Brazil since 2002 (Antoniolli, 2006;Martins et al, 2013). It has also been recorded in producing countries such as South Africa (Turketti et al, 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of growing sites and physicochemical features on the incidence of lenticel breakdown in ‘Gala’ and ‘Galaxy’ apples

Tessmer

Appezzato‐da‐Glória

Antoniolli

2016

Scientia Horticulturae

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The origin of lenticels during apple fruit development growing in different altitudes, the physicochemical and physiological fruit features at harvest and storage, were studied in order to correlate these aspects to lenticel breakdown. 'Gala' and 'Galaxy' apples were harvested from orchards located at three traditional growing regions in Brazil: Vacaria, RS (971 m a.s.l.), Fraiburgo, SC (1048 m a.s.l.) and São Joaquim, SC (1353 m a.s.l.), during the 2008/09 season. The fruit were kept in cold storage (CS) at 0 • C and 90% RH for up to 120 days or at controlled atmosphere (CA) at 1.5% O 2 , 2.5% CO 2 , 0 • C and 90% RH for up to 210 days. Colour index was higher in 'Galaxy' apples and in fruit grown in São Joaquim, where the minimum temperatures were approximately 10 • C. The firmness was reduced at CS and CA, but it remained greater than 40 N in all the treatments. Acidity, except for 'Galaxy' apples, and sugars were influenced by the climatic conditions of the growing sites. There was no relationship between the lenticels dyeing and the incidence of lenticel breakdown. Contrary to the expectations, higher incidence of the disorder was noticed in 'Gala' apples grown in São Joaquim (SC) at the end of the both types of storage. The lenticel breakdown was featured by symptoms such as concentric depression around the lenticels, cell obliteration of the epidermis and subepidermal layers, with wide spaces formed by cell lysis. The origin of lenticels has no influence on the disorder development. It was not possible to establish a relationship among physicochemical, physiological and anatomical features from distinct growing sites and the predisposition to lenticel breakdown disorder.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of growing sites and physicochemical features on the incidence of lenticel breakdown in ‘Gala’ and ‘Galaxy’ apples

Tessmer

Appezzato‐da‐Glória

Antoniolli

2016

Scientia Horticulturae

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“…Other disorders may be related to one or more causal factors, such as environmental, chemical, or biotic stress [11][12][13]. Russeting, for example, is a common symptom of pome fruit peel which is the result of epidermal cracking and repair [14] caused by chemical applications [15,16], excess moisture [12,17], microorganisms [18,19] or other orchard pests [20]. Lenticel breakdown of apple has also been associated with various factors, including fruit maturity, preharvest environmental conditions, and postharvest handling and storage regimens [9,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of Multiple Approaches to Reduce Green Spot Incidence in ‘WA 38’ Apple

et al. 2022

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A pre-harvest apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) disorder named “green spot” (GS) was recently identified on ‘WA 38’ apples. Previous work indicated a tentative association between GS and fruit mineral imbalance, and an influence of rootstock selection on GS frequency; however, the specific causes, risk factors, and mitigation steps have not been explored. In this study, the role of microclimate, modified using netting or fruit bagging, on GS incidence in ‘WA 38’ apples over two years on two different dwarfing rootstocks, ‘Geneva 41’ (‘G.41’) and ‘Malling 9-Nic29’ (‘M.9’), was investigated. Early season fruit bagging reduced GS appearance, but netting showed mixed results between year and rootstock. Rootstock selection influenced GS incidence, especially in the 2021 season. Fruit mineral analyses highlighted some differences of mineral composition between symptomatic and asymptomatic apples, which helped to corroborate earlier reports; however, within the full context of these results, it is not clear that nutrient imbalance directly influences disorder incidence. Further work to understand the mechanisms behind GS emergence should consider environmental factors, including light, humidity, and wind, as well as anatomical features of ‘WA 38’ fruit, such as lenticel morphology and physiology.

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“…As lagartas atacam brotações, afetando a arquitetura de plantas jovens e, estando estas em produção, comprometem a formação das gemas floríferas e após penetrarem nos frutos, as lagartas não mais o abandonam antes de completar o seu desenvolvimento (ARIOLI et al, 2010;NETO SILVA, 2010), além de aumentar rapidamente sua densidade populacional em um curto período de desenvolvimento, comprometendo a produção total rapidamente (SILVA et al, 2011). De forma conjunta, a ocorrência de B. salubricola e G. molesta, podem acarretar até 100% de perdas (KOVALESKI, 2004), e maiores danos foram atribuídos à G. molesta em sistema de transição convencional-orgânico (MARTINS et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Preferência de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) submetido a dois hospedeiros naturais.

Poltronieri¹,

Fernandes

Schuber

et al. 2014

AGRO@MBIENTE

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Resumo -Grapholita molesta (Busck) e Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) são os dois principais lepidópteros-praga da cultura da macieira no Brasil. Com o objetivo de avaliar parâmetros biológicos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) no controle destes insetos, foi estudada uma linhagem deste parasitoide coletada em ovos de B. salubricola em pomar de macieiras na região de Fraiburgo, Santa Catarina, Brasil e criada em laboratório no hospedeiro alternativo Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). O experimento foi conduzido em câmara climatizada à 25 ± 1ºC, com 70 ± 10% de umidade relativa e fotofase de 14 horas. Foram individualizadas 30 fêmeas de T. pretiosum recém-emergidas em tubos de vidro (8,0 x 2,5 cm), contendo no seu interior gotículas de mel para alimentação dos parasitoides. Nos tubos foram introduzidas simultaneamente duas cartelas, uma com 30 ovos de G. molesta e outra com 30 ovos de B. salubricola, com até 12 horas de desenvolvimento embrionário. O parasitismo por T. pretiosum e a razão sexual foram superiores em ovos de G. molesta e na avaliação da longevidade de adultos não se verificou diferenças significativas. A linhagem de T. pretiosum estudada mostrou preferência a ovos de G. molesta em detrimento aos de B. salubricola.Palavras-chave -Bonagota salubricola. Controle biológico. Grapholita molesta. Parasitoides. (Busck) and Bonagota salubricola (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are the two main lepidopterous pests of the apple culture in Brazil. With the objective of evaluating biological parameters of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in the control of these insects, it was studied a strain of the parasitoid collected in B. salubricola eggs in a apple orchard of Fraiburgo, Santa Catarina State, Brazil and created in laboratory in the host alternative Sitotroga cerealella (Oliv.) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). The experiment was driven in acclimatized chamber to 25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity and fotofase of 14 hours. Thirty T. pretiosum females recently-emerged were individualized in glass tubes (8.0 x 2.5 cm), containing in interior honey droplets for feeding of the parasitoid. In the tubes were introduced two cards simultaneously, one with 30 G. molesta eggs and other with 30 B. salubricola eggs, both with 12 hours of embryonic development. The parasitism for T. pretiosum and sex ratio was superior in G. molesta eggs and in the evaluation of the viability and longevity of adults were not verified significant differences. The strain of T. pretiosum investigated showed preference for G. molesta eggs in detriment to B. salubricola eggs. Abstract -Grapholita molesta

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Apple biological and physiological disorders in the orchard and in postharvest according to production system

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of growing sites and physicochemical features on the incidence of lenticel breakdown in ‘Gala’ and ‘Galaxy’ apples

Influence of growing sites and physicochemical features on the incidence of lenticel breakdown in ‘Gala’ and ‘Galaxy’ apples

Investigations of Multiple Approaches to Reduce Green Spot Incidence in ‘WA 38’ Apple

Preferência de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) submetido a dois hospedeiros naturais.

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