Propagação por enxertia de atemoia 'Thompson' sobre espécies de Rollinia

Abstract

RESUMO-Este estudo teve por finalidade avaliar o índice de sobrevivência do enxerto de atemoia 'Thompson' sobre dois porta-enxertos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, dois porta-enxertos [araticum-de-terra-fria (Rollinia sp.) e biribá (Rollinia mucosa)] e dois métodos de enxertia (topo em fenda lateral e topo à inglesa simples), em 6 blocos, 4 tratamentos e 5 plantas por parcela, totalizando 120 plantas. Para as condições locais, verificou-se que a atemoia pode ser propagada com sucesso via enxertia, usando o porta-enxerto araticum-de-terra-fria, com diferença significativa em relação ao biribá. O melhor método de enxertia para araticum-de-terra-fria foi o inglês simples, com índice de sobrevivência do enxerto de 90%. Observou-se baixo índice de sobrevivência do enxerto, utilizando-se de ambos os métodos de enxertia para o porta-enxerto biribá. Termos para indexação: Annona squamosa x Annona cherimola, métodos de enxertia, Araticum-de-terrafria, biribá. 'THOMPSON' ATEMOYA GRAFTING ONTO Rollinia ROOTSTOCKSABSTRACT-This study aimed to evaluate the survival rate of atemoya 'Thompson' on two rootstocks. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks with factorial scheme 2 x 2 consisting of 6 blocks, 4 treatments and 5 replicates per parcel totaling 120 plants. Two grafting methods (side cleft graft and whip graft) and two rootstocks [araticum-de-terra-fria (Rollinia sp.) and biriba (Rollinia mucosa)] were evaluated for propagation of 'Thompson' atemoya. Scion survival rate was evaluated and analyzed by Tukey test, with 5% of significance level. Atemoya tree under local conditions can be propagated successfully by grafting using araticum-de-terra-fria rootstock. Whip graft was the best grafting method for araticum-de-terra-fria rootstock with 90% survival. Both grafting methods for biriba rootstock resulted in low scion survival rate.

Physiological changes modulated by rootstocks in atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.): gas exchange, growth and ion concentration

“…In atemoya grafted onto araticum-mirim and atemoya, plant height was lowest compared with other combinations, confirming that araticum-mirim rootstock confers dwarf characteristics to grafted plants (Kavati 2013). Although the rootstock biribá presents incompatibility immediately after grafting (Almeida et al 2010), all rootstocks promoted a greater number of leaves on the scion in the present study; the latter is considered by growers and commercial nurseries to be more compatible for atemoya scion. A visual symptom of incompatibility is the swelling of plant tissue immediately below the union of tissues; however, this symptom was not observed in this study at 90 DAG.…”

“…For the propagation of atemoya, vegetative methods, particularly grafting, are utilised to ensure the perpetuation of clones with high fruit quality and productivity (Heenkenda et al 2009). Although Almeida et al (2010) described wild species as potential rootstocks, in Brazil, as biribá and araticuns, the identification of rootstocks that are resistant to pathogens and do not exhibit incompatibility problems remains very difficult (Kavati 2013). The incompatibility symptoms usually occur in the early stages of re-establishing plants after grafting, when the vascular connections are formed (Martínez-Ballesta et al 2010), and it can be triggered in the moment of grafting, including mortality, caused by biribá [Annona mucosa (Bail.)…”

“…The incompatibility symptoms usually occur in the early stages of re-establishing plants after grafting, when the vascular connections are formed (Martínez-Ballesta et al 2010), and it can be triggered in the moment of grafting, including mortality, caused by biribá [Annona mucosa (Bail.) H. Rainer] (Almeida et al 2010) could arise after few days after grafting (Santos et al 2005). According to literature, the rootstocks major used to atemoya scion are atemoya itself, Annona emarginata (Schltdl.)…”

Abscysic acid and compatibility of atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.) grafted onto native species

“…Thus, it appears that the concentrations of ABA observed in biribá are responsible for delaying the formation of tissues; however, this does not change the survival rate of grafted plants following their complete cicatrization in nursery conditions. Nevertheless, biribá is not considered a good option as a rootstock for atemoya and sweetsop (A. squamosa L.) (ALMEIDA et al, 2010;KAVATI, 2013). Santos et al (2005) reported a survival rate of 4% at 45 days after grafting sugar apple onto biribá; however, the physiological explanations that support the existence of negative reactions in the formation of callus or vascular systems are not presented.…”

A produção de anonáceas no Brasil

“…Em todo o Nordeste, utiliza-se a própria pinheira como porta-enxerto por ser compatível e por manter o elevado vigor das plantas. Já em São Paulo, por conta de suscetibilidade a doenças nas raízes, causadas por fungos (Phytophthora), e ao ataque de coleobrocas, utilizam-se alguns araticuns nativos do gênero Rollinia, que apresentam compatibilidade com a atemoia e resistência a estes problemas (ALMEIDA et al, 2010).…”