Cultivation of Flammulina velutipesmushroom using various agro-residues as a fruiting substrate

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of different agro-residues as a carbon source in the fruiting substrates of Flammulina velutipes mushroom and the effect of supplementation with the nitrogen sources spent brewer's yeast and rice bran. The following fruiting substrates were evaluated: rubber wood sawdust (SD), paddy straw (PS), palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), and palm-pressed fiber (PPF). Cultivation was done on each agro-residue, based on formulations consisting of two substrates at the ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3. Mycelial growth rate and basidiocarp yield were evaluated. The best fruiting substrates were PS+EFB (25:75), PS+PPF (50:50), and PPF (100), with biological efficiency of 185.09±36.98, 150.89±50.35, and 129.06±14.51%, respectively. No significant effects of supplementation with rice bran and spent yeast were observed on mycelial growth rate and biological efficiency. The cultivation of F. velutipes on oil palm wastes does not require additional nitrogen sources.

A Comparative Study on Bioconversion of Different Agro Wastes by Wild and Cultivated Strains of Flammulina velutipes

“…Similarly, S9 and S2 had relatively low C:N ratio, but the former gave significant yield while the latter produced no mushrooms. These findings are partially consistent with those of Harith et al [9] who discovered that there was a very weak negative correlation between the C:N ratio and the mycelial growth rate of enoki mushrooms. However, these findings contradict the report of Philippoussis [18] who observed that the growth rates of P. eryngii and L. edodes were positively correlated with the C:N ratio.…”

“…However, in the present study, it is still possible to conclude that the only use of strong nitrogen sources such as soybean meal without an appropriate carbon source may lead to the loss of yield (as can be seen for S2 and S4). This conclusion might be supported with the previous observations that a high concentration of nitrogen increases mycelial growth but declines the formation of the basidiocarps [9].…”

“…The efficacy of different formulations utilized in this study can also be discussed in terms of carbon to nitrogen content. Overall, C:N ratios measured in this study were generally less than those reported by the other studies [9]. This is assumed to be due to different materials utilized in this study (that was mostly based on wheat), as previously analyzed and demonstrated by Philippoussis [18].…”

“…A full description of these parameters has been given in ''Materials and Methods'' section Waste Biomass Valor four substrates of which the formulation of 92 % cottonseed hulls and 5 % rice bran gave the highest biological efficiency (106.68 %) [17]. A more recent study reported biological efficiencies over 100 % for three substrate compositions, including paddy straw enriched with palm empty fruit bunches (185 %), paddy straw enriched with palm-pressed fiber (150 %), and palm empty fruit bunches (129 %) [9], which are similar to our data presented here. However, one of the substrates tested in the present study (S7: 40 % wheat straw ?…”

“…Thus far, almost all the efforts have greatly been focused on collection and identification of wild mushrooms rather than their cultivation. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, there is no information on possible interaction between type of strain and substrate formulation in recent studies undertaken in other countries [9]. The current study, thus, aims to investigate the feasibility of cultivation and assessment of growth parameters of an Iranian wild strain of enoki, in comparison to a cultivated one.…”