Distribuição de Carabidae e Staphylinidae em agroecossistemas

Abstract

Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a distribuição da riqueza de espécies e a preferência pelo habitat de Carabidae e Staphylinidae (Coleoptera), em áreas com rotação de soja e milho, em plantio direto e convencional, e em áreas adjacentes a estas com fragmento florestal e povoamento de pínus, respectivamente. Os besouros foram amostrados por meio de armadilhas de solo distribuídas em dois transectos de 100 m de comprimento. A distribuição da riqueza de espécies nas culturas, no fragmento florestal e no pínus foi avaliada por meio de análise de regressão linear. A análise de agrupamento foi empregada para identificar as espécies quanto à preferência pelos habitats: fragmento florestal, pínus, cultura e interface. A distribuição da riqueza de espécies de Carabidae e Staphylinidae não variou em relação à posição no transecto, enquanto a riqueza de espécies observada nas interfaces foi elevada em comparação com a encontrada nos demais habitats. A ocorrência de espécies de Carabidae diferiu conforme o tipo de cobertura vegetal: Megacephala sp. e Scarites sp. preferiram áreas cultivadas em sistema de rotação soja-milho; Odontochila nodicornis (Dejean) preferiu o fragmento florestal e o povoamento de pínus. A espécie Abaris basistriatus Chaudoir caracterizou-se como generalista quanto à preferência pelo habitat.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, Pinus, Zea mays, controle biológico, diversidade, plantio direto. Distribution of Carabidae and Staphylinidae in agroecosystemsAbstract -The objective of this work was to determine the distribution of species richness and habitat preference of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in two areas cultivated with soybean/corn under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems and in adjacents areas with forest fragment and a Pinus stand, respectively. Beetles were sampled by pitfall traps which were distributed in two transects of 100 m. The distribution of species richness in the crops and forest fragment/Pinus was evaluated by regression analysis. Cluster analysis was used to identify species in relation to preference for the forest fragment, Pinus, crop and interface. The distribution of Carabidae and Staphylinidae species richness did not show variation in relation to the position in transect, while the species richness observed in the interfaces between forest fragment or Pinus stand and crops were higher compared with the ones found in other habitats. The occurrence of Carabidae species differed in relation to the vegetation type: Megacephala sp. and Scarites sp. preferred crop areas under soybean/corn rotation system. The same was observed with Odontochila nodicornis (Dejean) in the forest fragment and Pinus stand. The species Abaris basistriatus Chaudoir was characterized as a generalist species in relation to habitat preference.

Faunistic analysis of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) in five agroecosystems in northeastern São Paulo state, Brazil

“…Among the abundant species observed in the present study, A. basistriatus was designated dominant in all areas (Table 1). This carabid species is classified as a generalist in habitat preference, is less susceptible to forest fragmentation (Davies & Margules, 1998) and, therefore, occurs both in soybean/corn crop fields and forest fragments (Cividanes & Santos-Cividanes, 2008). Other dominating species, identified in the present study, were S. seriatoporus (captured in four areas), and C. granulatum, M. brasiliensis and O. nodicornis (captured in three areas).…”

“…Other dominating species, identified in the present study, were S. seriatoporus (captured in four areas), and C. granulatum, M. brasiliensis and O. nodicornis (captured in three areas). C. granulatum and M. brasiliensis were associated with soybean/ corn crops, and O. nodicornis with forest fragment (Cividanes & Santos-Cividanes, 2008).…”

Levantamento populacional de inimigos naturais na cultura da manga (Mangifera indica L.)

“…A maior captura ocorreu entre os meses de setembro de 2009 a abril de 2010, quando foram amostrados 167 espécimes representando 87% do total desta família (Figura 1). A variação populacional de espécimes desta família pode estar relacionada a fatores bióticos e abióticos, principalmente as características microclimáticas, cobertura vegetal e cultivo do solo (Cividanes & Cividanes, 2008b). …”

Edge effects on carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) between forest fragments and agricultural fields in south‐east Brazil

“…There is little information for diversity and species richness of carabids in Brazilian agroecosystems. In the north‐east region of São Paulo, Cividanes and dos Santos‐Cividanes () observed 23 carabid species in soybean/corn crop under a CTS, and Cividanes et al () found 22 species and the Shannon's diversity index ( H ′ = 0.900) for carabids in an orange orchard with soil covered with spontaneous vegetation composed mainly of grasses. Such values are close to those from the present study for soybean/corn crop in Jaboticabal‐NTS and Guaíra‐NTS (Table ).…”