Controle biológico de nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos em clima semi-árido pelo fungo Monacrosporium thaumasium

Abstract

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do fungo nematófago Monacrosporium thaumasium, no controle de larvas infectantes de nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos em campo, no Semi-Árido cearense. Uma área de 20 ha, com pasto recém-formado, livre de vermes, foi dividida em quatro piquetes de 5 ha. Em cada piquete, foi formado um grupo constituído por nove caprinos, onde cada animal recebeu os seguintes tratamentos, durante os meses de abril a junho de 2002: grupo 1, 10 g de péletes por via oral, semanalmente; grupo 2, 10 g de péletes por via oral, quinzenalmente; grupo 3, 0,5 mL de moxidectin por 25 kg de peso vivo; grupo 4, controle, não tratado. Mensalmente, dois caprinos traçadores foram colocados junto ao rebanho por 30 dias, e após esse período, foram sacrificados e necropsiados. O grupo de animais que recebeu o tratamento com o fungo uma vez por semana apresentou redução no número de ovos por grama de fezes, menor carga parasitária e maior ganho de peso, em relação aos animais dos demais grupos. O fungo M. thaumasium é eficiente no controle de larvas infectantes nas pastagens e pode ser utilizado no controle e profilaxia de nematóides gastrintestinais de caprinos, no Semi-Árido cearense.

Blood parameters of sheep with high infection of Haemonchus contortus and treated with “mushroom of the sun” (Agaricus blazei)

“…In an in vivo study where fungi were used in the sheep diet, Alves et al (2003) reported an efficacy of 88.8% in the reduction of FEC in animals treated with 20 g of Monacrosporium thaumasia, twice a week. Weekly doses of 2 to 2.5 g of mycelia from this fungus were effective in reducing the FEC number and resulted in greater BW gain than that in other groups (ARAÚJO et al, 2007). These results indicate that the use of fungi in controlling haemonchosis might be a promising alternative, contributing to a reduction of worming with recourse to synthetic products.…”

“…Fungi produce anthelmintic substances and represent a promising alternative for the control of GN (ARAÚJO et al, 2007). The fungus Agaricus blazei, commonly known as "mushroom of the sun," contains several compounds with therapeutic and nutritional interest and it has been indicated in the complementary therapy of neoplasias and other alterations (DIAS et al, 2002;NOVAES et al, 2011).…”

In vitro evaluation of the action of the nematophagous fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium sinense and Pochonia chlamydosporia on Fasciola hepatica eggs

“…Araújo et al (2004b) reported that treatment with M. thaumasium pellets decreased pasture contamination, reducing animal EPG up to a 100%, rendering the anti-helminth treatments unnecessary. In a recent study, Araújo et al (2007) evaluated the viability of M. thaumasium in pellet form to control larvae infecting goats in the semi-arid region in Ceará. They found EPG reduction in animals treated with pellets once a week, as well as smaller parasitic load and higher weight gain.…”

Predatory activity of the fungi Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, Monacrosporium sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta on Angiostrongylus vasorum first-stage larvae

“…Nematophagous fungi, especially the genera Duddingtonia, Monacrosporium and Arthrobotrys, have predatory capacity on infective larvae (L 3 ) of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of domestic animals (Araú jo et al, 2004b(Araú jo et al, , 2006Campos et al, 2007). These genera are recognized only as predators, and the predatory capacity of the species D. flagrans and M. thaumasium, M. sinense and A. robusta has been thoroughly discussed and proved in the control of L 3 of gastrointestinal nematode parasites of ruminants, horses and small ruminants (Castro et al, 2003;Chandrawathani et al, 2004;Araú jo et al, 2006Araú jo et al, , 2007Dias et al, 2007). However, the predatory capacity of these species had never been tested on larvae of A. vasorum.…”

“…Predatory fungi are certainly the most studied groups and show the greatest potential for biological control (Nordbring-Hertz et al, 2002;Araú jo et al, 2007). The species Duddingtonia flagrans, Monacrosporium thaumasium, M. sinense and Arthrobotrys robusta are identified as nematophagous fungi and have been studied for their potential as biological control agents for gastrointestinal nematodes of domestic animals (Araú jo et al, 2006(Araú jo et al, , 2008Campos et al, 2007).…”