Método para monitorar perdas na aplicação de agrotóxicos na cultura de tomate

Chaim, Aldemir; Castro, Vera Lucia Sherholz Salgado de; Corrales, Francisco Miguel; Galvão, José Abrahaão Haddad; Cabral, O. M. R.; Nicolella, G.

doi:10.1590/s0100-204x1999000500003

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The uncontrolled use of agrotoxics (insecticides and fungicides) and unbalanced fertilization causes diseases in plants and reduces soil biodiversity. This occurs due to the fact that upon agrotoxic application, 50-80% does not reach the plant and falls directly into the soil (Chaim et al 1999). Sigler and Turco (2002) showed changes in bacterial and fungal (Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes) communities after application of Chlorothalonil using DGGE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of filamentous fungi in different systems of land use

2011

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Microbial population and activity can be influenced by changes in the physical and chemical conditions of the soil. The objective of this study was to compare fungal diversity under different agricultural management systems and associated differences in soil properties. This research was carried out in three areas, representing the Atlantic Forest, AFS and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) monoculture system. Five composite samples were collected during the rainy and dry seasons from each area. Using the composite soil samples, fungal isolation was carried out using a serial dilution technique. Physical, chemical and DGGE analyses of the filamentous fungi community were performed. The fungal isolation data were used to calculate ecological indices of diversity, species richness, equitability, dominance, similarity and density. In general, Atlantic Forest soil presented the highest ecological indices followed by the AFS. The DGGE technique revealed that the structure of the soil mycobiota of the Atlantic Forest and AFS are more than 50% similar. The data indicate that the similarity of the structure and composition of soil mycobiota between AFS and Atlantic Forest is mainly due to the conservation of above-ground plant diversity, and the conservation of soil characteristics can be attributed to the absence of pesticides and fertilizers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of filamentous fungi in different systems of land use

2011

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“…There are some reports of inefficient sprayings, in excess or with deficit of the active ingredient on the target, and in some cases, more than 50% of the pesticides used are wasted because they do not reach the desired targets, causing environmental issues and inefficiency of spraying. Chaim et al (1999), studying tomato and bean crops, observed losses between 59 and 76% depending on the size of the plants. In vines, Chaim et al (2004) observed losses of up to 39%, varying according to the equipment used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters of electrostatic spraying and its influence on the application efficiency

et al. 2013

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When the electrostatic spraying is used correctly, it provides advantages over conventional systems, however many factors can affect the system efficiency. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the charge/mass ratio (Q/M) at different spraying distances (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m), and the liquid deposition efficiency on the target. Evaluating the Q/M ratio the Faraday cage method was used and to evaluate the liquid deposition efficiency the artificial targets were positioned longitudinally and transversely to the spray jet. It was found that the spraying distance affects the Q/M ratio, consequently, the liquid deposition efficiency. For the closest distance to the target the Q/M ratio was 4.11 mC kg-1, and at distances of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 m, the ratio decreased to 1.38, 0.64, 0.31, 0.17 and 0.005 mC kg-1, respectively. For the liquid deposition, the electrostatic system was affected by the target orientation and spraying distance. The target transversely to the jet of liquid did not improve the liquid deposition, but longitudinally increased the deposition up to 3 meters of distance.

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“…Nas aplicações realizadas atualmente a quantidade de princípio ativo que, na verdade, atinge o alvo, é muito menor do que a aplicada (Chaim et al, 1999). Neste sentido, o transporte do ingrediente ativo para o interior do dossel é condição básica para o controle eficaz de pragas e doenças e, à medida em que o ciclo da cultura avança, atingir as camadas inferiores do dossel se torna um desafio cada vez maior.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Deposição de gotas no dossel e controle químico de Phakopsora pachyrhizi na soja

Tormen

Silva

Debortoli

et al. 2012

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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R ESU M OA deposição de gotas no dossel da cultura da soja com três pontas de pulverização e programas de controle químico da ferrugem asiática foram avaliados em experimento conduzido em campo, no município de Itaara, RS. Os tratamentos foram arranjados no delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 3, representados por duas cultivares de soja, três pontas de pulverização e três programas de controle da ferrugem asiática. Os fungicidas foram aplicados nos estádios R1 e R4 da cultura. As variáveis analisadas foram: densidade de gotas, diâmetro mediano volumétrico (DMV), índice de área foliar (IAF), severidade da ferrugem asiática e rendimento de grãos da cultura. Elaborou-se, com base nos dados de severidade da ferrugem asiática, a área abaixo da curva de progresso da ferrugem (AACPF). As pontas de pulverização estudadas diferiram significativamente quanto à deposição de gotas nos três terços do dossel vegetal, DMV, AACPF e rendimento de grãos. O incremento médio no rendimento de grãos pela aplicação de fungicidas foi de 53,17% na cultivar Asgrow 8000 RG e 29,89% na cultivar Agiara RR. O IAF das cultivares influenciou na penetração e deposição de gotas no dossel da cultura. Palavras-chave: Glycine max, ferrugem asiática, pontas de pulverização Drop deposition on canopy and chemical control of Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybeansA B ST R A C T Drop deposition on soybean canopy with three spray nozzles and chemical control programs of asian soybean rust were evaluated in two soybean cultivars, in a study carried out in Itaara, RS. The treatments were arranged under completely randomized block design with four replications, in a factorial design 2 x 3 x 3, utilizing two soybean cultivars, three spray nozzles and three chemical control programs. The fungicide applications were accomplished in R1 and R4 growth stages. Drop density, volumetric medium diameter (VMD), leaf area index (LAI), disease severity and grain yield were the variables measured. Based on the severity data of asian rust the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. The spray nozzles studied were significantly different in relation to drop deposition on soybean canopy, VMD, AUDPC and grain yield. The soybean grain yield was increased by 53.17% on Asgrow 8000 RG and 29.89% on Agiara RR cultivar, as a result of fungicide application. The LAI of cultivars influenced drop deposition and penetration into canopy.

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Método para monitorar perdas na aplicação de agrotóxicos na cultura de tomate

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Diversity of filamentous fungi in different systems of land use

Diversity of filamentous fungi in different systems of land use

Parameters of electrostatic spraying and its influence on the application efficiency

Deposição de gotas no dossel e controle químico de Phakopsora pachyrhizi na soja

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