Phylogenetic relationships among four species of the guarani group of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) as inferred by molecular and morphological analyses

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Traditionally, the Drosophila guarani species group has been divided into two subgroups: the guarani and the guaramunu subgroups. Two, out of the four species included in this research, are members of the guarani subgroup (D. ornatifrons Duda, 1927 and D. subbadia Paterson & Mainland, 1943) and two are included in the guaramunu subgroup (D. maculifrons Duda, 1927 and D. griseolineata Duda, 1927). However, some authors have suggested that D. maculifrons and D. griseolineata are much closer to some species of the Drosophila tripunctata group than to some of the species of the guarani group. To add new data to the matter under dispute, Polyacrylamide Gel Eletrophoresis (PAGE-SDS) was used for the analysis and comparison of protein composition and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to find differences in genomic DNA, in addition to the analysis of quantitative morphological characters previously described. Analysis of PAGE-SDS results in a dendrogram

Karyotype Description of Two Andean Species of the guarani Group of Drosophila (Díptera: Drosophilidae) and Cytological Notes

“…Molecular phylogeny of guarani group supports the monophyly only for the guarani subgroup ( D. subbadia and D. ornatifrons ) while the guarani group is not a monophyletic group ( Robe et al 2002 , 2005 , Izumitani et al 2016 ). In two molecular studies has been proposed a tripunctata lineage cluster which includes species of guarani ( D. ornatifrons , D. griseolineata , and D. maculifrons ), tripunctata , and cardini groups ( Robe et al 2002 , Yotoko et al 2003 ).…”

“…Molecular phylogeny of guarani group supports the monophyly only for the guarani subgroup ( D. subbadia and D. ornatifrons ) while the guarani group is not a monophyletic group ( Robe et al 2002 , 2005 , Izumitani et al 2016 ). In two molecular studies has been proposed a tripunctata lineage cluster which includes species of guarani ( D. ornatifrons , D. griseolineata , and D. maculifrons ), tripunctata , and cardini groups ( Robe et al 2002 , Yotoko et al 2003 ). Also, a molecular phylogeny of tripunctata radiation, based on mitocondrial genes, suggested the existence of four clades, one of them is the clade tripunctata-guaramunu lineage conformed by the species D. griseolineata , D. maculifrons ( guarani group), D. frotapessoai ( Vilela and Bachli 1990 ), and D. paramediostriata ( Townsend and Wheeler 1955 ) (karyotype 2 n = 12; 5R, 1D) ( tripunctata group) ( Hatadani et al 2009 ).…”

“…The guarani group was divided into two subgroups based on the shape of X chromosome (V or rod shape) ( King 1947 ) but nowadays, the guarani subgroup has been accepted and the guaramunu subgroup has been dismissed ( Vaz et al 2018 ). Phylogenetic relationships of guarani group, based on morphology, cytology, and molecular markers suggested that species of guarani and tripunctata group are related and that guarani group is not monophyletic ( Throckmorton 1962 , Robe et al 2002 ).…”

Five new species of Drosophila guarani group from the Andes of southern Ecuador (Diptera, Drosophilidae)

“…The guarani species group is probably not monophyletic which would invalidate this traditional subgroup division (Robe et al 2002). …”