Urinary incontinence related to perineal muscle strength in the first trimester of pregnancy: cross-sectional study

Abstract

Urinary incontinence related to perineal muscle strength in the first trimester of pregnancy: cross-sectional study RESUMENObjetivo: Analizar la fuerza de los múscu-los del suelo pélvico (FMSP), la continencia urinaria y la calidad de vida en mujeres en el primer trimestre del embarazo. Método: Estudio transversal cuyo muestra incluyó 500 mujeres que comenzaron la atención prenatal en un servicio del sector de salud complementaria en Guarulhos, SP, en 2012-2013. La FMSP fue evaluada por la perineometría y las mujeres embarazadas con incontinencia urinaria (IU) respondieron al International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Resultados: Muestran que edad materna (OR=1,06 IC95% 1,02-1,11) y IU previa (OR=15,12; IC95% 8,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)92) son las variables que, en conjunto, mejor explican la ocurrencia de IU al inicio del embarazo. La media del escore ICIQ-SF fue 8,2 (d.p.=3,9), considerado como de impacto moderado en la calidad de vida. Conclusión: Las embarazadas con más edad y con IU previa tienen chance mayor de presentar IU en el primer trimestre del embarazo. DESCRIPTORES ABSTRACTObjective: To analyze pelvic floor muscle strength (PFMS), urinary continence and quality of life related to urinary incontinence (UI) of women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Method: Cross-sectional study with a sample of 500 women who started prenatal care in a complementary healthcare facility in Guarulhos, state of São Paulo, from 2012 and 2013. Pelvic floor muscle strength was evaluated through perineometry. The pregnant women who presented UI answered the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF). Results: It was found that maternal age (OR=1.06; CI95% 1.02-1.11) and prior UI (OR=15.12; 95%CI 8.19-27.92) are the variables that, in tandem, best explain the occurrence of UI at the beginning of pregnancy. The mean score on the ICIQ-SF was 8.2 (SD=3.9), considered a moderate impact on quality of life. Conclusion: Older pregnant women with prior UI are more likely to have UI in the first trimester of pregnancy. DESCRIPTORS

Associated factors to urinary incontinence in women undergoing urodynamic testing

“…In our study, 21% of women reported UI during pregnancy. This is a lower proportion than that found in the literature which reveals that lifestyle may have had an influence and that protective measures against the appearance of UI may have been employed even before being pregnant (23)(24) . A relationship between UI in pregnancy and weight gain of pregnant women has been reported as a risk factor for pelvic floor muscle dysfunction (25) .…”

Women’s pelvic floor muscle strength and urinary and anal incontinence after childbirth: a cross-sectional study

“…The population of this study was 500 women who participated in the cohort "Perineal care during pregnancy and after childbirth: prevention and morbidity associated with perineal muscle strength, sexual activity, and urinary continence" (19) , and the inclusion criteria were: age ≥18 years old; body mass index <35; completed elementary school education; single gestation; gestational age <13 weeks; without previous urogenital surgery or disease that might intervene in PFMS; not opposed to the insertion of the perineometer's probe in the vagina, or the Valsalva manoeuvre for the measurement of PFMS; without difficulty in understanding the Portuguese language or in communication.…”

“…The perineometry was carried out according to a technique adopted in a previous study (19) . During the PFMS measurement, the woman: "were in the gynaecological position and were instructed to contract the pelvic floor musculature.…”

“…This contraction was repeated three times with an interval of 30 seconds between them. Three PFMS scores were registered, but only the highest one was considered for analysis" (19) . All women received a flyer prepared by the research team on pelvic floor exercises and were verbally guided and encouraged to undertake the exercises at home.…”

Urinary Incontinence in Pregnant Women: Integrative Review

“…Lowest rates were found in a study of 500 pregnant women, with a prevalence of 7.4% in pregnant and in women with previous pregnancies was 11.6% [22].…”