Mortalidade pós-neonatal no território brasileiro: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

RESUMOO presente trabalho trata-se de revisão sistemá ca, referente ao período de 2004 a 2009, sobre o tema mortalidade pós-neonatal. Teve o obje vo de iden fi car como se colocam na literatura, as causas da morte e a relação com as condições socioeconômicas. Foram selecionados 27 ar gos, 74,4% publicados em periódicos da área da Saúde Pública e 66,7%, de desenho do po ecológico. Quase a totalidade versava sobre grupos de causas e seus componentes (66,7%), seguidos pelo terço restante, sobre a iden fi cação dos fatores determinantes dos óbitos. A região Sudeste produziu mais de 37% dos estudos. Na maioria dos municípios e estados brasileiros, a redução superou 50% no fi nal da década de 1990. Dentre os grupos de causas de óbitos, predominou o grupamento diarreia-pneumonia, seguido pelas malformações congêni-tas. As condições de vida segundo indicadores socioeconômicos -moradia, saneamento básico, educação e acesso à saúde -foram determinantes para os maiores índices de mortalidade pós-neonatal por causas passíveis de redu bilidade. DESCRITORES Mortalidade infan l Mortalidade pós-neonatal Causas de morte Revisão ABSTRACTThis is a systema c review regarding postnatal mortality, covering the period between 2004 and 2009. The objec ve was to iden fy how the causes of death and the rela onship with socioeconomic condions are stated in the literature. Twentyseven ar cles were selected, 74.4% of which were published in public health journals, with 66.7% having an ecological study design. Nearly all ar cles addressed cause groups and their components (66.7%), followed by the remaining third, which addressed the iden fi ca on of the determinant factors of the deaths. The Southeast region produced over 37% of the studies. In most Brazilians ci es and states, there was a reduc on of deaths by more than 50% by the end of the 1900s. Among the cause of death groups, the diarrhea-pneumonia group was predominant, followed by congenital abnormali es. The basic life condi ons according to socioeconomic indicators -housing, basic sanita on, educaon, and accessibility to health -were determinants for the highest postnatal death rates due to reducible causes. DESCRIPTORS Infant mortality Postneonatal mortality Cause of death Review RESUMENRevisión sistemá ca referida al período entre 2004 y 2009 acerca del tema mortalidad post-neonatal. Obje vó iden ficar cómo se expresan en la literatura las causas de muerte y la relación con las condiciones socioeconómicas. Se seleccionaron 27 ar culos, 74,4% publicados en revistas del área de Salud Pública y 66,7% de diseño de po ecológico. Casi la totalidad versaba sobre grupos de causas y sus componentes (66,7%), seguidos por el tercio restante, atendiendo iden fi cación de factores determinantes de decesos. La región Sudeste produjo más del 37% de los estudios. En la mayoría de los municipios y estados brasileños, la reducción superó el 50% a fi nes de los '90. Entre los grupos de causas de muerte, predominó el agrupamiento diarrea-neumonía, seguido de malformaciones congénitas. Las condicione...

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