Contributions to the history of ocular toxoplasmosis in Southern Brazil

Melamed, J.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762009000200032

Cited by 22 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Mothers suffered from acute toxoplasmosis or a recurrent form of the disease because of the low sensitivity of congenital infection markers. In NB, diagnostic markers of congenital toxoplasmosis showed a low sensitivity (IgM specific, 38.5%; IgA specific, 20.4%; and identification of T. gondii, 31.7%), smaller than that found by Bessieres et al in 2009 [75], 64% (IgM) and 53% (IgA) Gilbert et al, [76], 52% (IgM) and 55% (IgA) and Pinon et al [77], of 56.7%, in relation to serological markers. However, are similar to results obtained by Carvalheiro et al [78] in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Congenital toxoplasmosis and prenatal care state programs

et al. 2014

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BackgroundControl programs have been executed in an attempt to reduce vertical transmission and the severity of congenital infection in regions with a high incidence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women. We aimed to evaluate whether treatment of pregnant women with spiramycin associated with a lack of monitoring for toxoplasmosis seroconversion affects the prognosis of patients.MethodsWe performed a prospective cohort study with 246 newborns (NB) at risk for congenital toxoplasmosis in Goiânia (Brazil) between October 2003 and October 2011. We analyzed the efficacy of maternal treatment with spiramycin.ResultsA total of 40.7% (66/162) of the neonates were born seriously infected. Vertical transmission associated with reactivation during pregnancy occurred in 5.5% (9/162) of the NB, with one showing severe infection (systemic). The presence of specific immunoglobulins (fetal IgM and NB IgA) suggested the worst prognosis. Treatment of pregnant women by spiramycin resulted in reduced vertical transmission. When infected pregnant women did not undergo proper treatment, the risk of severe infection (neural-optical) in NB was significantly increased. Fetal IgM was associated with ocular impairment in 48.0% (12/25) of the fetuses and neonatal IgA-specific was related to the neuro-ophthalmologic and systemic forms of the disease. When acute toxoplasmosis was identified in the postpartum period, a lack of monitoring of seronegative pregnant women resulted in a higher risk of severe congenital infection.ConclusionTreatment of pregnant women with spiramycin reduces the possibility of transmission of infection to the fetus. However, a lack of proper treatment is associated with the onset of the neural-optical form of congenital infection. Primary preventive measures should be increased for all pregnant women during the prenatal period and secondary prophylaxis through surveillance of seroconversion in seronegative pregnant woman should be introduced to reduce the severity of congenital infection in the environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Congenital toxoplasmosis and prenatal care state programs

et al. 2014

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“…Pathological diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis can be established by chorioretinal biopsies or diagnostic enucleation (3,26) . The toxoplasma cysts are identified with haematoxylin and eosin, immunohistochemistry using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (3,27) , or by PCR (17) . Histologically, ocular toxoplasmosis often presents extensive granulomatous inflammatory infiltration of the choroid and areas of necrosis under the retinal pigment epithelium (3,26) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of CD25 as an immunohistochemical marker for acquired ocular toxoplasmosis

Miyamoto¹,

Neto²,

Cesare³

et al. 2010

Arq. Bras. Oftalmol.

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“…Toxoplasma gondii infection has emerged as an important mediator of both congenital and post-natally acquired ocular disease in Brazil (Melamed 2009). Infection in both mice and humans is characterized by high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-12, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon-γ, all of which have been implicated in ocular pathology , Lahmar et al 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%