Patterns of hepatitis B virus infection in Brazilian human immunodeficiency virus infected patients: high prevalence of occult infection and low frequency of lamivudine resistant mutations

Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) molecular profiles were determined for 44 patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV

Antiviral therapy against chronic hepatitis B in Brazil: high rates of lamivudine resistance mutations and correlation with HBV genotypes

“…Despite the large number of studies worldwide addressing the different therapeutic strategies and their clinical and virological consequences, only a few studies reporting the situation of antiviral treatment in Brazil are available; however, most of these studies have described the occurrence of LAM-resistance mutations (Da Silva et al 2001, Bottecchia et al 2008a, b, Haddad et al 2010, particularly in HIV/HBV co-infected patients (Santos et al 2004, Sucupira et al 2006, Pessoa et al 2008. Recent studies, concerning the genotypes endemic in Asia and Europe, have shown that the genotypic profile may play a role in a number of factors, including the emergence of mutations, the severity of liver disease, clinical outcome and response to antiviral therapies (Orito In accordance to previous observations (Gauthier et al 1999, Mommeja-Marin et al 2003, Keeffe et al 2007, this study demonstrated a significant association between elevated ALT levels and positivity of HBV DNA.…”

Hepatitis B genotype G and high frequency of lamivudine-resistance mutations among human immunodeficiencyvirus/hepatitis B virus co-infected patients in Brazil

“…We do not know whether the HBV strains that showed decreased antigenicity could escape the neutralizing action of the anti-HBs antibodies induced by vaccination and cause infection in previously vaccinated individuals (Torresi et al 2002, Matthews et al 2006. Various studies in HBV-HIV co-infected patient populations have evaluated the presence and clinical importance of these mutations (Matthews et al 2006), but in Brazil few studies have evaluated this matter (Santos et al 2004, Sucupira et al 2006, Mendes-Correa et al 2008. If these mutations are indeed associated with vaccine escape, they would have an important impact on public health.…”

“…Data on HBV genotype distribution and LAMresistance among HIV co-infected patients are lacking in Brazil (Santos et al 2004, Sucupira et al 2006. Thus, in this study, we evaluated the HBV genotype distribution and presence of clinically relevant HBV mutations among HIV co-infected Blood collection -After informed consent was obtained from patients that joined the study, a blood sample was collected for HBV serological and molecular biological tests.…”

Occult hepatitis B virus co-infection in HIV-positive patients: A review of prevalence, diagnosis and clinical significance

“…Some of the differences are explained by the individual prevalence of HIV and HBV in the different populations studied. Although there are reports from central and south America [17][18][19][20][21][22] , the majority of the studies are from regions of Africa, India and the Far East, regions where the prevalence of both HIV and HBV is high [23][24][25][26][27] . Differences also arise from the type of high-risk group to which the co-infection patients studied belong (e.g., hemodialysis patients, homosexuals, intravenous drug users).…”

“…Furthermore, the available data suggest seronegative patients have a different clinical evolution and should therefore be evaluated separately. Another factor that is common in HIV patients and that is known to affect [46] Iran 3 (13.6) 2 (9.1) ND 1 (4.5) Bagaglio et al [47] Italy 9 (31.0) 9 (31.0) ND ND Bell et al [48] Africa [51] Spain 6 (2.4) 2 (0.8) 4 (1.6) ND Filippini et al [13] Italy 17 (20.0) 11 (12.8) 3 (3.5) 3 (3.5) Firnhaber et al [23] Africa 38 (88.4) 38 (88.4) ND ND Gupta et al [30] India 24 (45.3) 13 (24.5) 11 (20.8) ND Hakeem et al [52] Scotland 2 (2.8) 2( 2.9) ND ND Jardim et al [19] Brazil 8 (5.0) 2 (1.3) 6 (3.8) ND Khamduang et al [35] Thailand 47 (23.5) 47 (23.5) ND ND Liang et al [53] Taiwan 3 (2.3) 3 (2.3) ND ND Lo Re et al [54] United States 17 (10.0) 10 (5.6) 7 (3.9) ND Loustaud-Ratti et al [55] France [24] Africa 51 (10.0) 51 (11.8) ND ND Neau et al [58] France 1 (0.6) 1 (0.6) ND ND Nebbia et al [59] England 48 (14.0) 48 (14.0) ND ND Opaleye et al [25] Nigeria 21 (11.2) 8 (4.3) 9 (4.8) 2 (1.1) Panigrahi et al [26] India 12 (10.7) 9 (8.0) 3 (2.7) ND Santos et al [20] Brazil 16 (15.8) 2 4 (4.0) 12 (11.9) ND Sen et al [27] India 1 (5.6) 2 1 (5.6) ND ND Shire et al [60] United States 4 (10.5) 4 (10.5) ND ND Shire et al [61] United States 12 (30.2) 3 (7.0) 5 1 (11.6) 5 (11.6) Sucupira et al [21] Brazil 6 (18.8) 2 3 (9.4) 3 (9.4) ND Torres Barranda et al [22] Mexico 7 (18.4) 1 (2.6) 1 (2.6) 5 (13.2) Tramuto et al [62] Italy 24 (5.9) 8 (2.0) 7 1 (1.7) 9 (2.2) Tsui et al [63] United States 8 (2.0) 8 (2.0) ND ND 1 In some studies the anti-HBsAg positive group was also included; 2 Prevalence calculated using the reported data; anti-HBsAg+, antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen positive; anti-HBcAg+ antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen positive. Prevalence (%) were included for each group of patients studied according the HBV serological markers (Anti-HBsAg-/anti-HBcAg+, Anti-HBsAg+/anti-HBcAg+, Anti-HBsAg-/anti-HBcAg-).…”