Occult hepatitis B virus co-infection in HIV-positive patients: A review of prevalence, diagnosis and clinical significance

Maldonado-Rodriguez, Angelica; Cevallos, Ana Marı́a; Rojas-Montes, Othón; Enriquez-Navarro, Karina; Alvarez-Muñoz, Ma Teresa; Lira, Rosalía

doi:10.4254/wjh.v7.i2.253

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…One of the limitations of our study is the use of a single positive Antigen HBs instead of two results spaced within six months to detect a chronic carrier of an- [27]. Therefore, the prevalence of HBV in this population could probably be underestimated especially when the sensitivity of the rapid test for HBVvaries between 86% -96% [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Students from the University of Lomé, Togo in 2015

Ekouévi¹,

Thomas²,

Dieudonné³

et al. 2017

OJEpi

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Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa where more than 80 million subjects are chronic carriers. However, screening is not systematic in the population and prevalence data are scarce, especially among the youth population. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of HBV and its correlates among first-year University students at the University of Lomé. Study design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between November 2015 and January 2016 at the University of Lomé during the annual checkup offered to newly enrolled students. Method: A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics and sexual behaviors, and rapid tests were used for the detection of Antigen HB S (HBsAg) and HIV in each participant. A logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with HBsAg positivity. Results: A total of 800 students (56.2% were men) were screened among 1505 students who participated in the study. The median age was 20 years (IQR: [18 -21]). The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 4.6% (95% CI: [3.2 -6.3]): 5.8% among men and 3.1% among women (p = 0.04). The prevalence of HIV was 0.8; 95%CI [0.3% -1.6%] and one case (0.1%) of coinfection HIV and HBV was identified. Factors associated with HBsAg positivity were male gender [adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.02 -5.00, p = 0.0447] and ever having a sexual relationship [aOR = 2.44; 95% CI = 1.11 -5.78, p= 0.0264]. Conclusion: This study among university students demonstrates that the prevalence of HBV is high among this population and that there is a need for prevention programs to target this vulnerable population. This is an additional argument How to cite this paper:

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Students from the University of Lomé, Togo in 2015

Ekouévi¹,

Thomas²,

Dieudonné³

et al. 2017

OJEpi

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“…In patients with OBI, HBV DNA level or HBV replication is low and may affect the detection of HBsAg by immunoassays [Maldonado‐Rodriguez et al, ]. In the present study, all the patients with OBI had HBV DNA levels ≤3.0 log 10 copies/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among treatment‐naïve HIV‐infected patients in Brazil

Oliveira

Lemes

Matos

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection is common, only few data are available on HBV among HIV patients including occult hepatitis B infection (OBI), regardless of serological markers. This study aims to determine the prevalence of OBI and overall HBV infection, associated factors, HBV genotypes, and surface (S) gene mutations in a population of treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients in Central Brazil. All samples were tested for HBV serological markers and HBV DNA. Sequence analysis of the S gene and overlapping polymerase gene was preformed. Overall, 25.1% (127/505) of the patients had markers of current or previous HBV infection, which was associated with age over 40 years, history of injection drug use, and homosexual sex. The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroprevalence was 4.9% (25/505). HBV DNA was detected in 39 out of 505 patients: 20 of them were HBsAg-positive and 19 were HBsAg-negative, resulting in an OBI prevalence of 3.8%. Patients with OBI had significantly higher HCV seropositivity rate compared to HBsAg-positive patients. Sequencing of the S gene revealed Y100C, T131N, and D144A mutations. One patient had the M204I and L180M drug-resistance mutations (polymerase). HBV genotypes A (A1, A2), D (D2, D3), and F (F2) were identified. In conclusion, OBI represented almost half of all HBV infections with detectable HBV DNA, suggesting that hepatitis B diagnosis in HIV patients should include in addition to serological markers the detection of HBV DNA.

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“…Many studies have focused on the clinical impact of HIV, HCV and HDV on the natural evolution of HBV infection, finding that co-infection carries an increased risk of progressive liver disease and HCC. A persisting risk of repeated flares of hepatitis and progressive liver disease is even more frequent when co-infections are present in patients with OBI [79].…”

Section: Pathobiology and Clinical Implications Of S-escape Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For many years, HBV DNA tests were not very sensitive. Nowadays, new generation DNA detection technologies such as real-time PCR and transcription-based mediated amplification (TMA) allowed a decrease in the lower detection limit (< 5 IU/mL of HBV DNA), which is particularly important in OBI since DNA levels vary at -5-10 IU/mL (range < 10 to 425 copies/mL) [79].…”

Section: Diagnostic Escape Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and S-Escape Mutants: From the Beginning until Now

Maria¹

2015

JHVRV

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Despite of the progress made in vaccine and antiviral therapy development, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health care problem. More than 240 million people are chronically infected worldwide showing differences in the severity of liver disease, clinical outcome and response to immune-and antiviraltherapy. Parameters associated with the host immune system (HBV specific Tand/or B-cell repertoires, defective antigen presentation and diminished Th1/ Th2 response ratio) and viral factors such as the HBV genotypes and their evolving variants/mutants, have largely contributed to explaining such differences. The unique genomic structure and replication cycle of HBV provide much opportunity for mutations to occur in any of its genes undergoing selection pressures, such as those associated with the host immune system, the hepatitis B vaccine and/ or hepatitis B immune globulin and the antiviral therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues. Firstly, this review describes the current prevalence of S-escape mutants worldwide. Secondly, the clinical implications of such surface gene variants and the impact of universal hepatitis B vaccination on HBV mutations and genotypes are discussed. Finally, the fact that the immune escape process also extends well beyond HBV is addressed.

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Occult hepatitis B virus co-infection in HIV-positive patients: A review of prevalence, diagnosis and clinical significance

Cited by 24 publications

References 61 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Students from the University of Lomé, Togo in 2015

Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Students from the University of Lomé, Togo in 2015

Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among treatment‐naïve HIV‐infected patients in Brazil

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and S-Escape Mutants: From the Beginning until Now

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Occult hepatitis B virus co-infection in HIV-positive patients: A review of prevalence, diagnosis and clinical significance

Cited by 24 publications

References 61 publications

Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Students from the University of Lom&#233;, Togo in 2015

Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Students from the University of Lom&#233;, Togo in 2015

Overt and occult hepatitis B virus infection among treatment‐naïve HIV‐infected patients in Brazil

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and S-Escape Mutants: From the Beginning until Now

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Students from the University of Lomé, Togo in 2015

Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Students from the University of Lomé, Togo in 2015