Visceral Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania (L.) mexicana in a Mexican patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Ramos-Santos, Carmen; Hernandez-Montes, Omar; Sánchez-Tejeda, Gustavo; Monroy-Ostria, Amalia

doi:10.1590/s0074-02762000000500022

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This is the first case reported in Mexico of coinfection by L.(L.) mexicana and HIV, which was manifested as VL. Our results agree with those found in Hernandez [26], who reported in Venezuelan patient displaying the symptoms of VL, a coinfection with HIV and a Leishmania variant strain sharing kDNA sequences with L. braziliensis and L. mexicana [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…In Tabasco, only cases of LCL and DCL caused by L. (L.) mexicana have previously been reported [25]. In our studies by kDNA analysis, we have found VL cases in Tabasco (a 6-month-old immunosuppressed male) [21] and in Chiapas (a 36-year-old male coinfected with HIV and Pneumocystis carinii) to be caused by L.( L.) mexicana [26]. These findings are important because it indicates that these species, typically cutaneous, can visceralize in immunocompromised patient, and in Mexico, MCL, LCL, and VL coexist in some endemic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

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Survey of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mexico: Leishmania Species, Clinical Expressions and Risk Factors

Monroy-Ostria¹,

Sánchez-Tejeda²

2017

The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis

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Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania sp., which is transmitted to human beings and reservoirs by phlebotomine sand flies, with worldwide prevalence of approximately 12 million cases with population at risk of approximately 350 million. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most widespread form, causing localized skin lesions (LCL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), or nodular lesions in diffused cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL). American CL includes LCL and DCL caused by Leishmania mexicana complex and MCL caused by the Leishmania braziliensis complex. In Mexico, CL is distributed in three endemic areas, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific of Mexico, and Central Mexico. In order to monitor clinical outcome and adequately target treatment as well as epidemiologic studies, diagnostic kinetoplast DNA (kDNA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern and dot blotting, and ITS1 PCR-RFLP of Leishmania DNA were evaluated in samples and Leishmania isolates from patients with cutaneous ulcers from several endemic areas. In Mexico, LCL can be caused by the L. mexicana, L. braziliensis, or both complexes. DCL is caused by L.( L.) mexicana or Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) by Leishmania (L.) chagasi and L.( L.) mexicana in immunocompromised patients. The geographic range in which CL is endemic has increased due to urbanization, new settlements, and ecological, social, and educative conditions, which favors its permanence and transmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Survey of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mexico: Leishmania Species, Clinical Expressions and Risk Factors

Monroy-Ostria¹,

Sánchez-Tejeda²

2017

The Epidemiology and Ecology of Leishmaniasis

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“…A case of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis was also reported for an HIV-infected patient coinfected with L. infantum (534). Leishmania donovani can cause cutaneous disease in the presence of HIV (189), while Leishmania mexicana can cause visceral disease (463). While MCL usually follows a cutaneous infection, MCL has been reported as the first clinical manifestation of AIDS even before CL or other more typical AIDS-defining illnesses (135).…”

Section: Leishmaniamentioning

confidence: 96%

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

et al. 2010

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SUMMARY There are many neglected nonenteric protozoa able to cause serious morbidity and mortality in humans, particularly in the developing world. Diseases caused by certain protozoa are often more severe in the presence of HIV. While information regarding neglected tropical diseases caused by trypanosomatids and Plasmodium is abundant, these protozoa are often not a first consideration in Western countries where they are not endemic. As such, diagnostics may not be available in these regions. Due to global travel and immigration, this has become an increasing problem. Inversely, in certain parts of the world (particularly sub-Saharan Africa), the HIV problem is so severe that diseases like microsporidiosis and toxoplasmosis are common. In Western countries, due to the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), these diseases are infrequently encountered. While free-living amoebae are rarely encountered in a clinical setting, when infections do occur, they are often fatal. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential to the survival of patients infected with these organisms. This paper reviews information on the diagnosis and treatment of nonenteric protozoal diseases in immunocompromised people, with a focus on patients infected with HIV. The nonenteric microsporidia, some trypanosomatids, Toxoplasma spp., Neospora spp., some free-living amoebae, Plasmodium spp., and Babesia spp. are discussed.

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“…Indeed, it would be of key importance to develop vaccines that are effective against more than one species of Leishmania. For example, in Mexico, localized cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by L. mexicana and, to a lesser extent by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis are the most widespread forms of the disease (10,23,47), but cases of visceral leishmaniasis caused by species of the L. donovani complex and L. mexicana have been reported (32,46). On the other hand, in Brazil, infection by L. chagasi (the American agent of visceral leishmaniasis) is more frequent, even though cases of visceral leishmaniasis due to L. mexicana (22) or L. amazonensis (3) have also been reported, and cutaneous leishmaniasis is caused principally by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Protective Efficacy of a ProphylacticLeishmania donovaniDNA Vaccine against Visceral and Cutaneous Murine Leishmaniasis

et al. 2005

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Visceral Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania (L.) mexicana in a Mexican patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Survey of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mexico: Leishmania Species, Clinical Expressions and Risk Factors

Survey of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Mexico: Leishmania Species, Clinical Expressions and Risk Factors

Importance of Nonenteric Protozoan Infections in Immunocompromised People

Cross-Protective Efficacy of a ProphylacticLeishmania donovaniDNA Vaccine against Visceral and Cutaneous Murine Leishmaniasis

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