Intestinal parasites of some diarrhoeic HIV-seropositive individuals in north Brazil, with particular reference to Isospora belli Wenyon, 1923 and Dientamoeba fragilis Jepps &amp; Dobell, 1918

Lainson, Ralph; Silva, Beatriz A.M. da

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761999000500008

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Studies have also demonstrated links between this parasite and urticaria (146), biliary infections (127), pruritus (116), colitis (111), allergic colitis (28), irritable bowel syndrome (6), and diarrhea in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (75,78). Of particular significance is the observation that infections in children appear to be very common.…”

Section: Clinical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging from Obscurity: Biological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis

2004

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Ever since its first description in 1918, Dientamoeba fragilis has struggled to gain recognition as a significant pathogen. There is little justification for this neglect, however, since there exists a growing body of case reports from numerous countries around the world that have linked this protozoal parasite to clinical manifestations such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and anorexia. A number of studies have even incriminated D. fragilis as a cause of irritable bowel syndrome, allergic colitis, and diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus patients. Although D. fragilis is most commonly identified using permanently stained fecal smears, recent advances in culturing techniques are simplifying as well as improving the ability of investigators to detect this organism. However, there are limitations in the use of cultures since they cannot be performed on fecal samples that have been fixed. Significant progress has been made in the biological classification of this organism, which originally was described as an ameba. Analyses of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences have clearly demonstrated its close relationship to Histomonas, and it is now known to be a trichomonad. How the organism is transmitted remains a mystery, although there is some evidence that D. fragilis might be transmitted via the ova of the pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. Also, it remains to be answered whether the two distinct genotypes of D. fragilis recently identified represent organisms with differing virulence

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Section: Clinical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging from Obscurity: Biological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis

2004

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“…Diarrhoeal diseases are responsible for a huge proportion of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, particularly among children (Snyder and Merson, 1982;DuPont, 1995a). Apart from protozoans such as Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli, and viruses such as Rotavirus, and Norwalk-like virus, implicated in cases of diarrhoea, frequently isolated bacterial diarrhoeagenic agents include Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Aeromonas species (Obi et al, 1995(Obi et al, , 1997Lainson and Silva, 1999;Coker et al, 2002;Oyofo et al, 2002). Escherichia coli is, however, the focus of this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene encoding virulence markers among <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from diarrhoeic stool samples and river sources in rural Venda communities of South Africa

Obi¹,

Green²,

Bessong³

et al. 2004

WSA

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River water sources and diarrhoeic stools of residents in the Venda Region, Limpopo Province of South Africa were analysed for the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and the presence of virulence genes among the isolates. A control group of 100 nondiarrhoeic stool samples was included. Escherichia coli was isolated and identified by standard cultural and biochemical methods. Pathogenicity of environmental and human isolates was determined by amplification of genes associated with virulence of E. coli, using specific primers.Of a total of 228 water and river sediment samples screened, E. coli was recovered from 200 (87.7%), and 135 (67.5%) of these had one or more genes associated with pathogenicity. The highest frequency of isolation of pathogenic strains was found in Ritavi River water and sediment (80.6%), followed by Lotanyanda River (76.9%), and the least (45.8%) in Nzhelele River 2. Escherichia coli was recovered from all of the 252 diarrhoeic stools tested (100%), and 119 (47.28%) of these had one or more genes associated with pathogenicity. The frequency of isolation of potential pathogenic E. coli from humans was highly significant (t = 6.3; pd•0.01) in comparison to water isolates. Cytotoxic necrotizing Factor 1 (cnf1) and cytotoxic necrotising Factor 2 (cnf2) coding for necrotoxigenic E. coli (NEC); bundle-forming pilus (bfpA) and enteropathogenic attachment and effacement (eaeA) coding for enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), occurred in 35% and 34% respectively of river isolates. Heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile (LT) toxin genes coding for enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and Shiga-like toxin 1 (Stx1) and Shiga-like toxin 2 (Stx2) coding for Shiga-like toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) were not encountered in the river isolates. Isolates from stool samples had 21.8% and 12.6% of EPEC and NEC strains respectively; while enterotoxigenic (ETEC), Shiga-like toxin-producing (STEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) had a prevalence of 5%, 5.8% and 5.8% respectively. One human isolate possessed stx2 and eaeA indicating E. coli O157: H7. No genes associated with pathogenicity were observed in human non-diarrhoeic stool isolates. Results have revealed a possibility of a recycling of pathogenic E. coli strains, particularly the EPEC and NEC strains, between the water sources and the local population.

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“…As amostras conservadas em formalina a 10%, foram submetidas à concentração pela técnica de formalina-acetato de etila 20 , com a finalidade de aumentar o número de oocistos e esporos no material fecal, para posterior coloração específica. A coloração específica para o diagnóstico de coccídios foi a de Kinyoun à quente e para microsporídios intestinais foi a de Hot-ChromotropeKokoskin 16 . Os achados laboratoriais sugestivos de infecção por esporos de microsporídios foram encaminhados para London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM-UK), na Inglaterra, para confirmação e controle de qualidade.…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Diagnóstico laboratorial de enteroparasitoses oportunistas, com ênfase nas microsporidioses humanas, em Goiânia-GO

Júnior

García-Zapata

2006

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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RESUMOOs microsporídios são protozoários, emergentes e oportunistas, responsáveis por patologias de alta morbi-mortalidade, principalmente em indivíduos com distúrbios imunes. Este estudo visa determinar o perfil clínico-laboratorial destes agentes. No total, foram avaliados 723 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: I) Indivíduos imunodeprimidos/imunossuprimidos; II) Indivíduos aparentemente imunocompetentes. Estes, após livre e esclarecido consentimento, foram entrevistados e cederam amostras fecais, sendo todas submetidas a técnicas de HPJ, Rugai, Faust e colorações específicas para coccídios e microsporídios. A freqüência de microsporídios foi 1,3% (5/393) no grupo I, enquanto no outro grupo foi quatro vezes menor. A ocorrência de outras enteroparasitoses oportunistas também foi maior no grupo I. Conclui-se, por um lado, que estes agentes estão em nosso meio, e por outro, necessitamos aprimorar o diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial, para definir a distribuição geográfica destes agentes no Estado de Goiás e no Brasil. Palavras-chaves: Microsporidioses. Enteroparasitas oportunistas. Diagnóstico laboratorial. ABSTRACTMicrosporidia are emergent and opportunistic protozoa that are responsible for diseases with high morbidity and mortality, especially among individuals with immune disorders. This study had the aim of determining the clinical-laboratory profile of these agents. In total, 723 patients were evaluated, divided into two groups: I) Immunosuppressed/immunodepressed individuals; II) Apparently immunocompetent individuals. After obtaining free informed consent, these patients were interviewed and gave fecal samples. These samples were all subjected to the HPJ, Rugai and Faust techniques and to specific staining for Coccidia and Microsporidia. The frequency of Microsporidia was 1.3% (5/393) in group I, whereas it was a quarter of this in group II. The occurrence of other opportunistic intestinal parasites was also greater in group I. It was concluded, firstly, that these agents are present in our environment and, secondly, that there is a need to improve the clinical and laboratory diagnosis, in order to define the geographic distribution of these agents in the State of Goiás and throughout Brazil. Key-words: Microsporidiosis. Opportunistic intestinal parasites. Laboratory diagnosis.As infecções oportunistas são relatadas freqüentemente em pacientes imunodeprimidos, em especial naqueles com deficiência na atividade do sistema imunológico, causando um amplo espectro clínico-epidemiológico e laboratorial. Com o advento da pandemia da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA), observamos o surgimento de algumas doenças consideradas como emergentes ou re-emergentes, sendo que a maioria dos agentes etiológicos envolvidos só tinha importância na medicina-veterinária 2 9 . Entre estes agentes emergentes/re-emergentes, encontramos os coccídios intestinais (Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli e Cyclospora cayetanensis) e os microsporídios (Filo Microspora), protozoários entéricos oportunistas, responsáveis por um...

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Intestinal parasites of some diarrhoeic HIV-seropositive individuals in north Brazil, with particular reference to Isospora belli Wenyon, 1923 and Dientamoeba fragilis Jepps & Dobell, 1918

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Emerging from Obscurity: Biological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis

Emerging from Obscurity: Biological, Clinical, and Diagnostic Aspects of Dientamoeba fragilis

Gene encoding virulence markers among <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolates from diarrhoeic stool samples and river sources in rural Venda communities of South Africa

Diagnóstico laboratorial de enteroparasitoses oportunistas, com ênfase nas microsporidioses humanas, em Goiânia-GO

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