The objective of the present work was to register the first proven cases of human pseudomyiasis due to Eristalis tenax in Goiás State, Brazil, underscoring their clinical manifestations and direct relationship with hygiene. The taxonomic identification of the instars was done according to the descriptions and keys presented by James (1947), Hartley (1961) and Guimarães & Papavero (1999 James (1947), Hartley (1961) e Guimarães & Papavero (1999 Gastrointestinal myiasis caused by the cosmopolitan drone fly Eristalis tenax (Diptera: Syrphidae) is classified as pseudomyiasis, given the biology of the fly and that it occurs in an accidental manner. Its presence, in the surface of the digestive tract is responsible for the pathologic physiology, in general of lesser gravity than that caused by the obligatory or facultative parasites 6 . RESUMO O presente trabalho visa registrar os primeiros casos evidenciados de pseudomiíases humanos por Eristalis tenax no estado de Goiás, Brasil, destacando suas manifestações clínicas e suas relações diretas com os hábitos higiênicos. A identificação taxonômica das larvas foi realizada com base nas descrições e chaves apresentadas porThe genus Eristalis (Linnaeus) was designated commonly as Tubifera (Meigen), and some researchers have also denominated it Eristalomyia. The simple observation of the family rat-tailed maggot (long respiratory siphon) characteristic in larvae instars has incited some researchers to the diagnosis of E. tenax. Though, this is not a pathognomonic characteristic, or exclusive to this species or its genus. Thus, many incorrect records and inaccurate descriptions result from this extrapolation 3 .The larvas of E. tenax are extremely resistant to adverse conditions of pressure, heat and salinity 5 . They live in water polluted by feces, sewage, liquid excrements and organic materials in decomposition, including carcasses. Occasionally they can be found in relatively clean water 3 , however, the occurrence of E. tenax larvae in stagnated waters indicates a high degree of pollution 1 .Gastrointestinal pseudomyiasis presents unspecific symptoms and its clinical aspects vary in agreement with the 186
RESUMO -A febre constitui uma resposta defensiva do organismo a agressões e é um dos achados mais freqüentes na clínica médica. Possui diversas etiologias, e, por isso, pode estar presente em patologias de diversas origens. Entre estas, destacamos as doenças infecto-parasitárias, nas quais a febre geralmente é o primeiro sintoma. É uma resposta integrada de fatores endócrinos e autônomos, coordenada pelo centro regulador da temperatura: o hipotálamo. Para conhecer esse complexo mecanismo fisiopatológico da febre é necessário conhecer os mecanismos fisiológicos básicos que regulam a temperatura corporal, bem como os recursos físicos disponíveis para sua mensuração. Os fatores intrínsecos da geração da febre, assim como seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos, serão analisados e descritos nessa revisão, com ênfase à febre nas doenças infecto-parasitárias.Palavras-chave: Febre. Fisiopatologia. Doenças infecto-parasitárias. Physiopathological aspects of the fever in infectious parasitics diseasesABSTRACT -The fever constitutes a defensive mechanism of the organism to aggressions. It is one of the most frequent findings in the medical clinic. It is associated with several etiologies, can be present in several pathologies. Among these, we detach the infectious and parasitic diseases, where the fever is usually the first symptom to appear. It is an integrated mechanism of endocrine and autonomous factors, coordinated by the temperature regulator center: the hypothalamus. To know this complex physiopathological mechanism of the fever it is needed before to know the basic physiological mechanisms that regulate the corporal temperature, as the available physical resources for the temperature measurements. The intrinsic factors of the fever generation and their physiopathological mechanisms will be analyzed and described with emphasis to the fever in the infectious parasitic diseases.
RESUMOOs microsporídios são protozoários, emergentes e oportunistas, responsáveis por patologias de alta morbi-mortalidade, principalmente em indivíduos com distúrbios imunes. Este estudo visa determinar o perfil clínico-laboratorial destes agentes. No total, foram avaliados 723 pacientes divididos em dois grupos: I) Indivíduos imunodeprimidos/imunossuprimidos; II) Indivíduos aparentemente imunocompetentes. Estes, após livre e esclarecido consentimento, foram entrevistados e cederam amostras fecais, sendo todas submetidas a técnicas de HPJ, Rugai, Faust e colorações específicas para coccídios e microsporídios. A freqüência de microsporídios foi 1,3% (5/393) no grupo I, enquanto no outro grupo foi quatro vezes menor. A ocorrência de outras enteroparasitoses oportunistas também foi maior no grupo I. Conclui-se, por um lado, que estes agentes estão em nosso meio, e por outro, necessitamos aprimorar o diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial, para definir a distribuição geográfica destes agentes no Estado de Goiás e no Brasil. Palavras-chaves: Microsporidioses. Enteroparasitas oportunistas. Diagnóstico laboratorial. ABSTRACTMicrosporidia are emergent and opportunistic protozoa that are responsible for diseases with high morbidity and mortality, especially among individuals with immune disorders. This study had the aim of determining the clinical-laboratory profile of these agents. In total, 723 patients were evaluated, divided into two groups: I) Immunosuppressed/immunodepressed individuals; II) Apparently immunocompetent individuals. After obtaining free informed consent, these patients were interviewed and gave fecal samples. These samples were all subjected to the HPJ, Rugai and Faust techniques and to specific staining for Coccidia and Microsporidia. The frequency of Microsporidia was 1.3% (5/393) in group I, whereas it was a quarter of this in group II. The occurrence of other opportunistic intestinal parasites was also greater in group I. It was concluded, firstly, that these agents are present in our environment and, secondly, that there is a need to improve the clinical and laboratory diagnosis, in order to define the geographic distribution of these agents in the State of Goiás and throughout Brazil. Key-words: Microsporidiosis. Opportunistic intestinal parasites. Laboratory diagnosis.As infecções oportunistas são relatadas freqüentemente em pacientes imunodeprimidos, em especial naqueles com deficiência na atividade do sistema imunológico, causando um amplo espectro clínico-epidemiológico e laboratorial. Com o advento da pandemia da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA), observamos o surgimento de algumas doenças consideradas como emergentes ou re-emergentes, sendo que a maioria dos agentes etiológicos envolvidos só tinha importância na medicina-veterinária 2 9 . Entre estes agentes emergentes/re-emergentes, encontramos os coccídios intestinais (Cryptosporidium parvum, Isospora belli e Cyclospora cayetanensis) e os microsporídios (Filo Microspora), protozoários entéricos oportunistas, responsáveis por um...
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