Immune Response of Cattle Infected with African Trypanosomes

Taylor, Katherine A.; Mertens, Bea

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761999000200022

Cited by 26 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Mice deficient in TNF-α showed increased parasitaemia in T. brucei infections [37]. Also, TNF-α has been shown to be involved in reduced T-cell responses in acute infections [17]. IL-10, on the other hand, is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is known to play a crucial role in resistance to African trypanosomes by downregulating excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [38, 39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Namangala et al [16] observed in mouse models that a balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is central to the outcome of the disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin 12 (IL-12), nitric oxide (NO) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in early stages of infection and later interleukin 13 (IL-13), interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) [15, 17, 18]. IL-10 and IL-6 have been shown to be upregulated in late-stage human African trypanosomiasis [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serum biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural African trypanosome infections in cattle

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAnimal African trypanosomiasis (AAT) greatly affects livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana prevalence of AAT is estimated to range between 5 and 50%. Studies have reported serum biochemical aberrations and variability in cytokine profiles in animals during infection. However, information regarding the biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural infections are limited. This study was therefore aimed at investigating changes in the levels of serum biochemical parameters and inflammatory cytokines during a natural infection.MethodsNested internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based PCR and sequencing were used to characterise trypanosome infection in cattle at two areas in Ghana (Adidome and Accra) of different endemicities. The cattle were sampled at four to five-week intervals over a period of six months. Levels of serum biochemical parameters, including creatinine, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin and total protein and cytokines (interleukin 10, interleukin 4, interleukin 12, interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha) were measured in serum samples and then compared between infected cattle and uninfected controls.ResultsThe predominant trypanosome species detected in Accra (non-endemic) and Adidome (endemic) were Trypanosoma theileri and Trypanosoma vivax, respectively. Serum biochemical parameters were similar between infected and uninfected cattle in Accra. Infected cattle at Adidome however, had significantly higher levels of ALP, creatinine, total protein and total bilirubin (P < 0.05) and significantly lower levels of cholesterol (P < 0.05) at specific time points. At basal levels and during infection, significantly higher pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory (Th1/Th2) cytokine ratios were observed in cattle at Adidome compared to Accra (P < 0.05), indicating a shift towards Th1 immune response in Adidome. Levels of IL-10 were, however, significantly elevated in infected cattle in Accra (P < 0.05), suggesting high anti-inflammatory cytokine response in Accra.ConclusionThese results suggests that cattle in an endemic area repeatedly infected with trypanosomes of different species or different antigenic types demonstrate high pro-inflammatory (Th1) immune response and biochemical alterations whereas cattle in a non-endemic area with predominantly chronic T. theileri infections demonstrate high anti-inflammatory response and no biochemical alterations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2255-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural African trypanosome infections in cattle

et al. 2017

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“…In some cases, suppression is specific, involving only the host response to the parasite; in others, generalized suppression occurs in the infected animals, marked by a decrease in T cell proliferation and cytokine production (Taylor 1998, Taylor & Mertens 1999. This is why the immunological response to various heterologous and nonparasitic antigens is weak in cows (Nantulya et al 1982, Sileghem et al 1994a).…”

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax: its biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and introduction in the New World - a review

Osório

Madruga

Desquesnes

et al. 2008

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

125

114

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“…At present, HAT remains a major health problem in certain foci in the Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, and Southern Sudan (10,30). Since the trypanosomes' remarkable ability to vary their major surface antigen makes successful vaccine development unlikely in the near future (26), the only recourse available is to intensify research and the development of new drugs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the Novel Diamidine Compound 2,5-Bis(4-Amidinophenyl)- Furan-Bis- O -Methlylamidoxime (Pafuramidine, DB289) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Infection in Vervet Monkeys after Oral Administration

Mdachi

Thuita

Kagira

et al. 2009

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Immune Response of Cattle Infected with African Trypanosomes

Cited by 26 publications

References 54 publications

Serum biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural African trypanosome infections in cattle

Serum biochemical parameters and cytokine profiles associated with natural African trypanosome infections in cattle

Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax: its biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and introduction in the New World - a review

Efficacy of the Novel Diamidine Compound 2,5-Bis(4-Amidinophenyl)- Furan-Bis- O -Methlylamidoxime (Pafuramidine, DB289) against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Infection in Vervet Monkeys after Oral Administration

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