The Role of Protein Kinases in Antigen-activation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Schistosoma mansoni Infected Individuals

Almeida, Célia A; Góes, Alfredo M.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761997000500010

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The studies using Schistosoma antigen [ 33 , 34 , 37 ] confirmed this observation as they reported an increase in GI-B with increased lymphocyte transformation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…A majority of the studies were focused on mycobacteria antigens, including several mycobacterial strains such as M. tb H37Rv [ 5 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 38 , 39 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 49 , 50 , 55 , 66 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 ], M. tb Erdmann [ 63 , 65 , 77 , 78 ], and species such as M. leprae [ 12 , 79 ], M. abscessus [ 48 ] as well as BCG [ 24 , 29 , 30 , 56 , 57 , 62 , 69 , 80 ] and PPD [ 23 , 54 , 59 , 61 ]. Others used antigens of other infectious species such as Schistosoma [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 58 ] or Candida [ 2 , 26 , 42 , 81 ].…”

Section: Infobox: Important Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Experimental Techniques That Facilitate Human Granuloma Formation in an In Vitro System: A Systematic Review

Ganesan

Ronsmans

Vanoirbeek

et al. 2022

Cells

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The process of granuloma formation is complex, and due to species differences, the validity of animal studies is somewhat questioned. Moreover, the large number of animals needed to observe the different stages of development also raises ethical questions. Therefore, researchers have explored the use of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a heterogeneous population of immune cells, in an in vitro model. This review included in vitro studies that focused on exposing PBMCs—from healthy, sensitized, or diseased individuals—to antigens derived from infectious agents—such as mycobacteria or Schistosoma spp.—or inorganic antigens—such as beryllium. The reviewed studies mainly explored how human in vitro granuloma models can contribute towards understanding the pathogenesis of granulomatous diseases, especially during the early stages of granuloma formation. The feasibility of granuloma modelling was thus largely assessed via experimental techniques including (1) granuloma scoring indices (GI), (2) cell surface markers and (3) cytokine secretion profiling. While granuloma scoring showed some similarities between studies, a large variability of culture conditions and endpoints measured have been identified. The lack of any standardization currently impedes the success of a human in vitro granuloma model.

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“…The studies using Schistosoma antigen [ 33 , 34 , 37 ] confirmed this observation as they reported an increase in GI-B with increased lymphocyte transformation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%