Effect of temperature on different stages of Romanomermis iyengari, a mermithid nematode parasite of mosquitoes

Paily, K. P.; Balaraman, K

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761994000400022

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The duration of the parasitic phase of R. iyengari has been reported to be temperature dependent (Paily & Balaraman, 1994) and the present study showed that it did not differ among host mosquito species. Premature death of hosts due to parasitism was not noticed in any of the species tested, including Ma .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Susceptibility of ten species of mosquito larvae to the parasitic nematode Romanomermis iyengari and its development

Paily¹,

Balaraman²

2000

Medical Vet Entomology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ten species of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from five genera were exposed to preparasites of the tropical mermithid nematode species Romanomermis iyengari (Welch) (Nematoda: Mermithidae), a strain isolated in 1978 from Pondicherry. By exposing mosquito larvae during the second instar, nematode infection was invariably lethal, the rate being highest in Culex sitiens Wiedemann (95%) followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus Say (90%), Aedes aegypti (L.) (79%), Anopheles subpictus Grassi (64%), Ae. albopictus (Skuse) and Armigeres subalbatus Coquillett (62%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Giles (57%), Mansonia annulifera (Theobald) (46%), An. stephensi Liston (40%) and An. culicifacies Giles (36%). When fourth-instar larvae were exposed, the infection was highest in Ar. subalbatus (66%), followed by An. stephensi (52%), Cx. quinquefasciatus (47%), Ae. aegypti and An. subpictus (42%), Ae. albopictus (30%), An. culicifacies (29%), Cx. sitiens (24%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (19%) and Ma. annulifera (8%), with 2-45% of infected culicines surviving to adulthood. The parasitic phase of the nematode lasted 5-7 days in all the host species, yielding 1.1-3.2 parasites per II instar and 1.1-2.5 parasites per IV instar. The overall output of parasites per 100 mosquito larvae (infected + uninfected) was highest for Ae. aegypti when mosquitoes were exposed during II instar (2.53 parasites/larva) and for Ar. subalbatus when mosquitoes were exposed during IV instar (1.65/larva), and lowest for Ma. annulifera exposed during IV instar (0.09/larva). For routine laboratory culture of R. iyengari it is convenient to employ Cx. quinquefasciatus as the host yielding 90-190 parasites/100 larva.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Susceptibility of ten species of mosquito larvae to the parasitic nematode Romanomermis iyengari and its development

Paily¹,

Balaraman²

2000

Medical Vet Entomology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…gambiae, a major malaria vector in West Africa. The physicochemical data of water in treated sites were in the range considered to be optimal for allowing R. iyengari to reproduce and to continue parasitizing larval mosquitoes over a long period [12, 26, 29–31]. Perez-Pacheco et al [20] indicated that a number of topographical and hydrological factors can play role in the effectiveness of R. iyengari against malaria vectors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of the mermithid nematode, Romanomermis iyengari, for the biocontrol of Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The intensive use of chemical insecticides against mosquitoes has led to the development of widespread insecticide resistance. Control of Anopheles mosquitoes in malaria endemic areas of sub-Saharan Africa has become increasingly difficult. There is an urgent need for malaria control programmes to adopt more integrated mosquito management approaches that include sustainable, nonchemical solutions. The mermithid nematode Romanomermis iyengari is one of several natural control alternatives to synthetic pesticides for mosquito suppression. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the nematode R. iyengari for control of Anopheles gambiae . Methods The nematode R. iyengari was mass-produced, and pre-parasitic stage (J2) were used for laboratory and field experiments. In laboratory experiments, two concentrations of pre-parasitics (5 and 10 J2 per larva) were tested against first- (L1), second- (L2) and third-instar (L3) larvae of An. gambiae . Infected larvae were observed daily to determine their mortality rate and the number of post-parasitic nematodes emerging from dead larvae. In field experiments, 3500, 4000 and 5000 J2/m 2 were sprayed in separate natural Anopheles breeding sites. After treatment, the larval mosquito density in the breeding sites was assessed every 5–7 days. Results Laboratory results showed that larval An. gambiae is susceptible to nematode infection: 100% L1 larvae died within 24 hours post-treatment, and 100% of both L2 and L3 larvae died within 7 days, regardless of nematode concentrations. The average number of post-parasitic nematodes emerging per larva increased with increasing nematode concentration. In field experiments, the monthly applications of 3500 to 5000 pre-parasitic nematodes per m 2 eliminated larval mosquito development in Anopheles - and mixed breeding sites. Larval mosquito density dramatically decreased five days after the first treatment in all treated sites and was maintained at a very low level during the whole experimental period. Basically, only early instar larva were detected in treated sites throughout the test period. The average number of post-parasitic nematodes emerging per larva collected in treated sites was 1.45, 2, and 5.7 respectively for sites treated with 3500, 4000, and 5000 J2/m 2 . Conclusions Malaria mosquito larvae is susceptible to R. iyengari infection in West Africa. Parasitism intensity depends on tested nematode concentrations. Monthly application of 3500 J2/ m 2 was enough to control effectively larval An. gambiae in wetlands and f...

show abstract

“…Nymphs and females of thrips are susceptible to this nematode, and infected females have fewer developing eggs in the ovaries , 1964, Paily andJayachandran, 1987;Paily et al, 1991Achutan, 1988;Paily and Balaraman, 1990 (Reddy et al, 1982;Varatharajan, 1985). The life cycle, nature of parasitism, occurrence and distribution of H. aptini indicate that it is a potential biocontrol agent under natural conditions (Rukminidevi and Rao, 1982).…”

Section: Allantonematid Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of insect-parasitic nematodes research in India: 1927-1997

Rahaman¹,

Sharma²,

Wightman³

2000

International Journal of Pest Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abs tract. In the last 70 years, over 100 articles have been published on mermithid nematodes from a wide range of insects. More than 16 species of allantonematids have been reported from insects within the orders Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenop tera. Howardula species have been studied in detail on thrips and beetles, but the data obtained are insufficient to allow us to conclude whether or not these nematodes are potential biocontrol agents. Research on entomopathogenic nematodes started in 1966 and much of the available information is on the DD 136 strain of Steinernema carpocapsa e. Critical information on the entomopathogenic nematode fauna of India, and on their efficacy under field conditions, is not available. A review of the overall progress made in India on nematodes as biocontrol agents of insects reveals a lack of research focus and direction. This paper summarizes progress to date and suggests ways of encouraging the use of nematodes as bioinsecticides in India.

show abstract

Effect of temperature on different stages of Romanomermis iyengari, a mermithid nematode parasite of mosquitoes

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Susceptibility of ten species of mosquito larvae to the parasitic nematode Romanomermis iyengari and its development

Susceptibility of ten species of mosquito larvae to the parasitic nematode Romanomermis iyengari and its development

Efficacy of the mermithid nematode, Romanomermis iyengari, for the biocontrol of Anopheles gambiae, the major malaria vector in sub-Saharan Africa

A review of insect-parasitic nematodes research in India: 1927-1997

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About