Pathogenesis an immunopathology of leishmaniasis

Coutinho, S.; Pirmez, Claude; Mendonça, Sergio C. F.; Conceição-Silva, Fátima; Dórea, R. C. C.

doi:10.1590/s0074-02761987000500005

Cited by 21 publications

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“…In contrast to visceral leishmaniasis, patients with cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis due to L. braziliensis infection have a strong T cell response, characterized by a high lymphocyte proliferative response to Leishmania antigens and IFN-γ production (22)(23)(24)(25). Delayed-type hypersensitivity to Leishmania antigen is also present in these patients and the intradermal skin test is usually employed for the diagnosis of cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytokine profile and pathology in human leishmaniasis

Ribeiro-de-Jesus

Almeida

Lessa

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

189

190

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The clinical spectrum of leishmaniasis and control of the infection are influenced by the parasite-host relationship. The role of cellular immune responses of the Th1 type in the protection against disease in experimental and human leishmaniasis is well established. In humans, production of IFN-γ is associated with the control of infection in children infected by Leishmania chagasi. In visceral leishmaniasis, an impairment in IFN-γ production and high IL-4 and IL-10 levels (Th2 cytokines) are observed in antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Moreover, IL-12 restores IFN-γ production and enhances the cytotoxic response. IL-10 is the cytokine involved in down-regulation of IFN-γ production, since anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) restores in vitro IFN-γ production and lymphoproliferative responses, and IL-10 abrogates the effect of IL-12. In cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis, high levels of IFN-γ are found in L. amazonensis-stimulated PBMC. However, low or absent IFN-γ levels were observed in antigen-stimulated PBMC from 50% of subjects with less than 60 days of disease (24 ± 26 pg/ml). This response was restored by IL-12 (308 ± 342 pg/ml) and anti-IL-10 mAb (380 ± 245 pg/ml) (P<0.05). Later during the disease, high levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α are produced both in cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis. After treatment there is a decrease in TNF-α levels (366 ± 224 pg/ml before treatment vs 142 ± 107 pg/ml after treatment, P = 0.02). Although production of IFN-γ and TNF-α might be involved in the control of parasite multiplication in the early phases of Leishmania infection, these cytokines might also be involved in the tissue damage seen in tegumentary leishmaniasis.Correspondence

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine profile and pathology in human leishmaniasis

Ribeiro-de-Jesus

Almeida

Lessa

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

189

190

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“…The outcome of infection in each type of leishmaniasis depends on the complex and intriguing interaction of virulence factors and host immunologic responses. It is agreed that the resolution of human infection is dependent primarily on events within the T cell compartment (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7).…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunologic patterns associated with cure in human American cutaneous leishmaniasis

Coutinho

Da‐Cruz

Bertho

et al. 1998

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied before therapy (active lesion) and at the end of therapy (cured patients). Assays of lymphocyte proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced in vitro by Leishmania braziliensis promastigote antigens (Lb) were performed. Antigen-stimulated cells were harvested for CD4 and CD8 phenotype analysis and the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) produced were also determined in the culture supernatants. Two different patterns of Lbinduced T cell responses were observed: a) predominance of responding CD4 + cells and mixed type 1 and type 2 cytokine production (IFN-γ and IL-4) during the active disease, and b) similar proportions of responding CD4 + and CD8 + cells, and type 1 cytokine production (presence of IFN-γ and very low IL-4) at the end of therapy (healed lesions). This last pattern is probably associated with a beneficial T cell response.

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“…Positive reactions in patients with leishmaniasis may reflect the development of host cellular immunity, which indicates protection to potential recurrence of the disease or new infections 4,10,12 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exacerbated immunity is the cause of destructive and recurrent mucosal lesions. Non effective immunity leads to anergy with disseminated skin lesions 3,4,10,12 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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American tegumentary leishmaniasis: langerhans cells in montenegro skin test

Nogueira

Sotto

Cucé

2008

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SuMMarYThis work analyzed the histopathology and epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) of Montenegro skin test (MST) in patients with American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in order to in situ characterize and compare the immunological reaction of the two major clinical forms of ATL, localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL). MST histopathology of both LCL and MCL showed superficial and deep perivascular inflammatory infiltrate composed mainly of lymphocytes and histiocytes. Epidermal LC population was higher in MST biopsies taken from LCL patients when compared to MCL group, at 48 and 72 hours after antigen inoculation. Increased number of epidermal LC displayed in MST biopsies of LCL patients represents specific cellular immunity against parasites. The decrease of LC in MST biopsies of MCL patients does not necessarily indicate a worse specific cellular immunity in this clinical form of leishmaniasis.

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Pathogenesis an immunopathology of leishmaniasis

Cited by 21 publications

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Cytokine profile and pathology in human leishmaniasis

Cytokine profile and pathology in human leishmaniasis

Immunologic patterns associated with cure in human American cutaneous leishmaniasis

American tegumentary leishmaniasis: langerhans cells in montenegro skin test

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