Mortalidade por doenças do aparelho circulatório no município de Ribeirão Preto - SP, de 1980 a 2004

Abstract

Methods: The number of deaths due to DCS were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Populational estimates for RP-SP -taking gender, age group, and calendar years into account -were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Specific mortality rates were calculated on yearly basis according to gender and age group in 10-year intervals starting at 30 years of age. The trend analysis was conducted through polynomial regression models for time series. Significance level was ≤ 0.05.Results: Specific mortality rates due to DCS increased with age both among males and females, being higher among males in the 40 to 49-year-old range. After that, figures were comparable, although at 80-year-old age groups data for females showed to be higher than that for males in some years of the series. Along the study period, significant reduction was observed for mortality rates among both males and females, and for all age ranges from those causes (p<0.001). Brazil is a limiting component for the formulation of ecologic hypotheses to explain the decline. Conclusions: Mortality rate pattern due to DCS in RP-In a continental size country as Brazil, regional differences in goods and services distribution as well as health promotion programs interfere in that dynamics. Therefore, not all regions go through the 4th stage of the Epidemiologic Transition 9 -when the most marked characteristic is the mortality rates decline due to DCS.In a study conducted by Souza et al. 10 in the period between 1979 and 1996, the authors observed that mortality rates due to DCS showed different trends in the five geographic macro-regions in Brazil. Results pointed towards a decline trend as of 30 years of age in the Southern, Southeastern and Northern Regions, although the opposite trend was observed for the Northeastern and Central-Western Regions.Having taken into account the regional differences in Brazil, the present study had the objective of identifying mortality trends due to DCS in Ribeirão Preto, SP, based on the time series corresponding to the time period between 1980 and 2004. Materials and methodsStudy Design -The study followed a time series ecological design 11 , and covered the period between 1980 and 2004.

A Decade of Lipid Profiles: A Gender Focus

“…9,27 Despite being taken for a long time as a villain, nowa-days it is known that LDL-C is not a major risk marker for coronary events currently fitting that role to non-HDL cholesterol (which includes the fractions of very low molecular weight-VLDL), especially in cases of hypertriglyceridemia associated with diabetes, metabolic syndrome or renal chronic disease. 9,30,31 However, the most recent consensus is still maintained LDL cholesterol as the primary target for therapy, especially in those patients with triglyceride levels below 200 mg/dl, because at these levels, the ratio between LDL cholesterol and HDL-C is no next. 3,23 These findings were in agreement with our study, which was detected higher rates of LDL-C in females compared to males.…”

“…This indicates that those factors associated with the onset of dyslipidemia, such as a diet rich in fatty foods and little physical exercises are still present in our population. 10,31 Therefore, public policies are needed to change health habits, reducing the probability of occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. 32,33 …”

Doença isquêmica do coração e fatores associados em adultos de Ribeirão Preto, SP

“…Two population-based cross-sectional studies indicated that women less than 50 years of age presented greater daily averages for sitting time 26 and less adherence to recommended consumption levels of fruits and vegetables. 15 In this same population, results from a time series study 17 regarding the period 1980-2004 indicated a declining trend in mortality rates from diseases of the circulatory system, across all age groups and both sexes. The largest proportion in average annual decreases occurred among women aged 30 to 39 years (-7.1%).…”

“…Recent results 15,17,26 from epidemiological studies carried out in Ribeirão Preto may explain the fi nding of a higher prevalence of IHD among women less than 50 years of age. Two population-based cross-sectional studies indicated that women less than 50 years of age presented greater daily averages for sitting time 26 and less adherence to recommended consumption levels of fruits and vegetables.…”

“…19 Although ecological studies indicate a decline in mortality from CVD, 17 changes in lifestyle have contributed to increase risk factors, which together with the marked aging of the population, promotes an increased prevalence and incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD), especially in developing countries. 31 Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study for 2020 18 revealed that CVD will contribute with 13.2% of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in Latin American and 22% in developed countries.…”