OBJETIVO: Identificar o padrão de atividade física e fatores associados em adultos. MÉTODOS: Estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base populacional, conduzido em Ribeirão Preto, SP, em 2006, com processo de amostragem em três estágios. Em amostra ponderada de 2.197 adultos com 30 anos e mais, o padrão de atividade física foi avaliado pelo International Physical Activity Questionnaire (versão curta), validado no Brasil. Fatores associados foram identificados utilizando-se a regressão de Poisson. Foram obtidas razões de prevalências estimadas por pontos e por intervalos com 95% de confiança em modelos univariados e múltiplos. Considerou-se como desfecho a prática insuficiente versus prática suficiente de atividade física para o cálculo das razões de prevalências. RESULTADOS: Apresentaram prática suficiente de atividade física 37,5% dos homens e 32,1% das mulheres. Observou-se prevalência de prática insuficiente superior à prática suficiente em quase todas as categorias das variáveis, em ambos os sexos. Diferentes variáveis permaneceram nos modelos finais ao se considerarem, em separado, o sexo masculino e o feminino. Horas de trabalho/dia superior a dez horas [RP = 1,30; IC95% 1,07;1,57), três e mais medicamentos consumidos nos últimos 15 dias [RP = 1,56; IC95% 1,16;2,08] e saúde auto-referida como ruim/péssima [RP = 1,54; IC95% 1,01;2,34] permaneceram no modelo final para o sexo masculino. Para o sexo feminino, permaneceram: nível educacional de um a três anos de escolaridade [RP = 1,20; IC95% 1,02;1,41], não possuir renda [RP = 0,78; IC95% 0,66;0,93] ou renda abaixo de R$ 520,00 [RP = 0,74; IC95% 0,60;0,90]. CONCLUSÕES: A prevalência de prática insuficiente de atividade física foi elevada. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de implantação de programas específicos de incentivo à atividade física, direcionados a homens que trabalham mais de dez horas/dia, consomem três ou mais medicamentos e consideram sua saúde como "ruim ou péssima", e a mulheres de baixa renda e escolaridade.

This study aimed to estimate mean daily sitting-time and to identify correlates of sitting-time in adults living in the urban area of Ribeirão Preto-SP, in 2006. A cross-sectional population-based epidemiological study was carried out using three-stage cluster sampling. From a sample of 1,205 individuals, 930 attended the interviews. The variability introduced in the third sampling fraction was corrected by attributing sampling weights taking into account the non-response rate and the number of eligible units in each household, resulting in a weighted sample of 2,197 participants. To identify sitting time correlates, multiple linear regression models were used. The design effect was considered when calculating all estimates. The reported overall mean sitting-time/day was 280.9 minutes. In the multivariate analysis, the following correlates were kept in the final model: gender; years of education; smoking; metabolic waste (Mets* · min* · week(-1)); working/day hours, and number of familial antecedents of obesity. The results pointed out sitting-time correlates and the need for health planning related to promotion and prevention policies.

Methods: The number of deaths due to DCS were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Populational estimates for RP-SP -taking gender, age group, and calendar years into account -were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Specific mortality rates were calculated on yearly basis according to gender and age group in 10-year intervals starting at 30 years of age. The trend analysis was conducted through polynomial regression models for time series. Significance level was ≤ 0.05.Results: Specific mortality rates due to DCS increased with age both among males and females, being higher among males in the 40 to 49-year-old range. After that, figures were comparable, although at 80-year-old age groups data for females showed to be higher than that for males in some years of the series. Along the study period, significant reduction was observed for mortality rates among both males and females, and for all age ranges from those causes (p<0.001). Brazil is a limiting component for the formulation of ecologic hypotheses to explain the decline. Conclusions: Mortality rate pattern due to DCS in RP-In a continental size country as Brazil, regional differences in goods and services distribution as well as health promotion programs interfere in that dynamics. Therefore, not all regions go through the 4th stage of the Epidemiologic Transition 9 -when the most marked characteristic is the mortality rates decline due to DCS.In a study conducted by Souza et al. 10 in the period between 1979 and 1996, the authors observed that mortality rates due to DCS showed different trends in the five geographic macro-regions in Brazil. Results pointed towards a decline trend as of 30 years of age in the Southern, Southeastern and Northern Regions, although the opposite trend was observed for the Northeastern and Central-Western Regions.Having taken into account the regional differences in Brazil, the present study had the objective of identifying mortality trends due to DCS in Ribeirão Preto, SP, based on the time series corresponding to the time period between 1980 and 2004. Materials and methodsStudy Design -The study followed a time series ecological design 11 , and covered the period between 1980 and 2004.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the evolution of homicide mortality rates in Belo Horizonte and its metropolitan area, Southeastern Brazil, from 1980 to 2005. METHODS:Deaths by homicide were obtained from the SIM (Mortality Information System). Population estimates by sex, age group and calendaryears were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The specifi c mortality rates for sex and age groups were calculated annually for each geographic region. The trends analysis was carried out using polynomial regression models for time series data, with a signifi cance level α ≤0.05. RESULTS:There were high homicide mortality rates in Belo Horizonte and the metropolitan area, principally amongst males. Secular trends showed an accelerated growth of the rate ratios in both sexes and in almost all age groups, most evidently from the beginning of the 1990s in the metropolitan area. CONCLUSIONS:The results show the need to implement organized public policies for the control of violence. Investing in education and guaranteeing access to employment are recommended for the control of the accelerated increase in homicide mortality, principally among male youth residents of the metropolitan area.

Brazil. Scholarship holder from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). 4 PhD, Social Scientist. Scholarship holder from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq).Objective: the study aims to evaluate the reproducibility between the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the American College of Sports Medicine/American Heart Association criteria to classify the physical activity profile in an adult population living in Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. Methods: population-based cross-sectional study, including 930 adults of both genders.The reliability was evaluated by Kappa statistics, estimated according to socio-demographic strata. Results: the kappa estimates showed good agreement between the two criteria in all strata. However, higher prevalence of "actives" was found by using the American College of Sports Medicine/American Heart Association. Conclusions: although the estimates have indicated good agreement, the findings suggest caution in choosing the criteria to classify physical activity profile mainly when "walking" is the main modality of physical activity. . In other words, the algorithm proposed in the IPAQ (1) to define physical exercise levels includes not only the frequency, intensity and duration of the exercise, but also the metabolic rate attributed to the activity type, which by itself makes this instrument more complete than most instruments used for this purpose in field research.Although the IPAQ Questionnaire (1) has been used in population based research, however, different criteria have been applied to classify the participants. While some studies have adopted the criteria proposed in the IPAQ Protocol (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6) , others have chosen the classification proposed by the American College of Sports Medicine/ American Heart Association (ACSM/AHA), sometimes hampering the comparison of results from Brazilian or international studies.In view of the above, this study was aimed at estimating the prevalence rates of physical activity in adults who participated in the OBEDIARP Project, which were verified according to the criteria of the IPAQ Protocol and those recommended by ACSM/AHA, assessing the reproducibility between the two protocols' criteria. MethodsThe data derived from a population-based epidemiological study (Risk factors for overweight, obesity and diabetes mellitus in Ribeirão Preto, SP, 2006-OBEDIARP Project

A atividade física possui um papel fundamental na promoção da saúde de mulheres que chegam à Terceira Idade, promovendo o fortalecimento de todo o organismo e prevenindo doenças. Objetivo: verificar em um grupo de mulheres participantes da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade a motivação para a prática da atividade física, buscando compreender os fatores que facilitam e dificultam a sua adesão. Baseou-se no Modelo de Crenças em Saúde, o qual busca explicar o comportamento humano quanto ao processo saúde/doença de acordo com as variáveis: susceptibilidade, seriedade, benefícios e barreiras percebidas. Amostra: 30 mulheres integrantes da Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade. Procedimento: a coleta de dados foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira foi aplicado um questionário com questões relacionadas ao conhecimento e percepção a respeito da prática da atividade física, bem como benefícios e barreiras à sua realização. Na segunda etapa as mulheres estudadas registraram em um diário, durante 4 semanas consecutivas, o tipo de atividade realizada e suas justificativas quando não realizada. Conclusões: verificou-se que a prática da atividade física está configurada nas regiões centrais do espaço de vida das mulheres estudadas, sendo que 100% delas a considera importante para a promoção da saúde. Embora os problemas de saúde e os compromissos familiares dos finais de semana tenham sido identificados como barreiras à prática da atividade física, a sua realização foi motivada principalmente pela força de vontade pessoal e pela companhia de outras pessoas durante a sua prática. SUMMARY SUZUKI, C.S. Adhesion to physical activity in women of the Open University to Third Age. 2005. f. Master Thesis

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o comportamento de parâmetros metabólicos, pressão arterial e indicadores de obesidade  em crianças e adolescentes com e sem resistência à insulina. Participaram do estudo 60 crianças e adolescentes com excesso de peso (6 a 18 anos) que foram submetidos a medidas antropométricas de massa corporal (MC), estatura e circunferência da cintura (CC), pressão arterial (PA), bioimpedância [gordura relativa (%G) e absoluta (GC)] e coleta sanguínea para determinação das concentrações de glicose, insulina e perfil lipídico (TG, CT, HDL-C, LDL-C). O IMC z-score foi empregado para classificação do estado nutricional e o índice HOMA-RI (>2,5) para resistência à insulina. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos, resistentes (RI, n=27) e não resistentes à insulina (NRI, n=33). Independente da idade, crianças e adolescentescom excesso de peso e RI, apresentaram maior MC, CC, IMC, %G e GC (kg), TG e insulina plasmática do que contrapares NRI, que por sua vez, apresentaram valores mais elevados de LDL-C. Os grupos não diferiram para oestado nutricional (IMC z-score) porém, na comparação entre as proporções indesejadas dos componentes metabólicos, apenas três apresentaram alterações com diferenças significativas entre os grupos (CT, LDL-C e TG). Conclui-se que a RI apresenta-se com influência para o desenvolvimento de dislipidemias nessa faixa etária em especial o TG.

Methods: The number of deaths due to DCS were obtained from the Mortality Information System (SIM). Populational estimates for RP-SP -taking gender, age group, and calendar years into account -were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Specific mortality rates were calculated on yearly basis according to gender and age group in 10-year intervals starting at 30 years of age. The trend analysis was conducted through polynomial regression models for time series. Significance level was ≤ 0.05.Results: Specific mortality rates due to DCS increased with age both among males and females, being higher among males in the 40 to 49-year-old range. After that, figures were comparable, although at 80-year-old age groups data for females showed to be higher than that for males in some years of the series. Along the study period, significant reduction was observed for mortality rates among both males and females, and for all age ranges from those causes (p<0.001). Brazil is a limiting component for the formulation of ecologic hypotheses to explain the decline. Conclusions: Mortality rate pattern due to DCS in RP-In a continental size country as Brazil, regional differences in goods and services distribution as well as health promotion programs interfere in that dynamics. Therefore, not all regions go through the 4th stage of the Epidemiologic Transition 9 -when the most marked characteristic is the mortality rates decline due to DCS.In a study conducted by Souza et al. 10 in the period between 1979 and 1996, the authors observed that mortality rates due to DCS showed different trends in the five geographic macro-regions in Brazil. Results pointed towards a decline trend as of 30 years of age in the Southern, Southeastern and Northern Regions, although the opposite trend was observed for the Northeastern and Central-Western Regions.Having taken into account the regional differences in Brazil, the present study had the objective of identifying mortality trends due to DCS in Ribeirão Preto, SP, based on the time series corresponding to the time period between 1980 and 2004. Materials and methodsStudy Design -The study followed a time series ecological design 11 , and covered the period between 1980 and 2004.