Medida da pressão arterial em crianças e adolescentes: recomendações das diretrizes de hipertensão arterial e prática médica atual

Abstract

SummaryObjective: To determine, in a school-based sample of children and adolescents, aged 7 to 17 years, of both genders, from public and private schools, the frequency of students previously submitted to blood pressure measurements.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population pool of randomly selected schoolchildren and adolescents from elementary and high schools. The sample was calculated based on the expected prevalence of hypertension for the age group. Data were collected through a questionnaire. Blood pressure was measured twice and hypertension was defined as mean systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure > 95th percentile. Independent variables studied were gender, age range, socioeconomic status, public/private school.Results: The final sample included 1,253 students. The response rate was 97%: 1,215 students; 531 males; mean age 12.4±3 years (236 from 7 to 9 years; 638 from 10 to 14 years; 341 from 15 to 17 years). Prevalence of hypertension was 7.7%; 348 students (29%) had been previously submitted to blood pressure measurement (54% once; 35% 2 to 4 times; 11% 5 or more times). High economic status, private school and adolescent group were significantly associated to previous blood pressure measurement.Conclusion: Despite the pediatric consensus statements and guideline recommendations on the importance of blood pressure measurement at every examination after 3 years of age, this practice presents a very low frequency (29%) among children and adolescents.

Pressão Arterial em jovens como marcador de risco cardiovascular. Estudo do Rio de Janeiro

“…Similarly to what has been reported in the literature [12][13][14][15][16][33][34][35] , a progressive increase in the prevalence of increased BMI was observed throughout the 17 years of follow-up (A1 = 25.2% → A2 = 30.4% → A3 = 53.9%). Reinforcing the knowledge of the association between O/O and SAH in this age range, it was observed that, from childhood to the present moment, the target-students that belonged to the HG presented higher prevalence of O/O.…”

“…There is a direct association between weight and BP, especially in the second decade of life [33][34][35] . In our country, several ERJ cohort publications had already shown the importance of the body composition in BP determinism in children and adolescents [12][13][14][15][16] .…”

Desconhecimento da diretriz de prevenção da aterosclerose na infância e adolescência por pediatras em São Paulo

“…No Brasil são limitados os trabalhos que busquem levantar o grau de adesão de profissionais às recomendações das diretrizes 19,20 . Em um deles, a amostra de 1.215 estudantes brasileiros de 7 a 17 anos de ambos os gêneros foi pesquisada quanto à frequência de indivíduos que já foram submetidos à Medida de Pressão Arterial (MPA) e o número de vezes a que foram submetidos, dentre outras informações.…”

Pressão arterial de crianças e adolescentes de escolas públicas de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

“…It is considered one of the main public health problems in the world (2) . In Brazil, 20% of the adult population is estimated to present hypertension (3) . There is not much Brazilian data on this prevalence in children, but it is estimated at 1% to 11% (4) .…”