Pressão arterial de crianças e adolescentes de escolas públicas de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso

Abstract

Objective:To describe the prevalence of high blood pressure among students aged 11 to 14 years from public schools in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2008. Custer sampling technique was used to select clusters of 9 public schools. Results: The sample consisted of 329 students. They had a mean age of 12 years. More than a half of the students were "de cor parda -brown" (55.0%) and males (58.0%). A great number of students (11.2%) had high blood pressure. Conclusion:The prevalence of high blood pressure among the student was 11.2%. The two major risk factors for high blood pressure were body mass index and ethnicity (being "de cor parda -brown"). There is a need for routine monitoring and management of blood pressure in children and teenagers to prevent the development of high blood pressure in adulthood. Keywords: Blood pressure/epidemiology; Child; Adolescent RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de níveis pressóricos elevados em escolares de 11 a 14 anos no município de Cuiabá, MT, Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no periódo de maio a novembro de 2008. A amostragem foi por aglomerados, sendo selecionados nove, totalizando 329 escolares. Resultados: A idade média dos 329 escolares foi a de 12 anos, sendo 58,4% do sexo masculino e 55,3% da cor/etnia parda. O índice de hipertensão arterial foi de 11,2%. Conclusão: A prevalência de hipertensão arterial foi de 11,2% nos escolares estudados, sendo os fatores de risco o índice de massa corpórea elevado e cor/etnia parda. A partir do estudo, considera-se necessária a monitorização rotineira da pressão arterial em crianças e adolescentes, com a finalidade de prevenção da hipertensão arterial na vida adulta. Descritores: Pressão arterial/epidemiologia; Criança; Adolescente RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la prevalencia de niveles de presión elevados en escolares de 11 a 14 años del municipio de Cuiabá, MT -Brasil. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado en el período de mayo a noviembre del 2008. El muestreo fue realizado por conglomerados, siendo seleccionados nueve, dando un total de 329 escolares. Resultados: La edad promedio de los escolares participantes fue de 12 años, de los cuales el 58,4% del sexo masculino y el 55,3% de color/etnia parda. El índice de hipertensión arterial fue de 11,2%. Conclusión: La prevalencia de hipertensión arterial fue de 11,2% en los escolares estudiados, siendo los factores de riesgo el elevado índice de masa corporal y color/etnia parda. A partir del estudio, se considera que es necesaria la monitorización de rutina de la presión arterial en niños y adolescentes, con la finalidad de prevenir la hipertensión arterial en la vida adulta.

Obesidade: principal fator de risco para hipertensão arterial sistêmica em adolescentes brasileiros participantes de um estudo de coorte

“…Prevalência ainda mais elevada foi encontrada em outro estudo brasileiro, realizado em Recife, que detectou a presença de HAS em 17,3% dos participantes (18). No estado de Mato Grosso, apenas dois estudos haviam estimado a prevalência de HAS em adolescentes, ambos realizados especificamente na cidade de Cuiabá, sendo os valores encontrados de 2,3% (19) e 11,2% (20). Ressalta-se que Borges e cols.…”

Prevalence of high blood pressure in Brazilian adolescents and quality of the employed methodological procedures: systematic review

“…Table 1 demonstrates general information about the studies, the recommendations used to measure BP, the used terminology and the observed prevalence. Concerning terminology, 55.1% 7,8,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] articles used the descriptor SAH, 38.1% [10][11][23][24][25][26][27][28] used the term HBP (high blood pressure) and 4.8% 29 referred to borderline BPE. Concerning the criteria used to classify high BP, 4.8% 10 did not provide information as to the adopted criteria, 4.8% 13 used the BP criterion 140 x 90 mmHG, 23.8% 8,17,24,26,28 adopted the 90 percentile, and 66.7% 7,11,[14][15][16][18][19][20][21][22][23]25,27,29 employed the 95 percentile.…”

“…All of the articles included male and female adolescents, however, only 52% presented high BP prevalence stratified by gender 7,8,[13][14][15]18,[20][21][22]25,28 . Out of these, 18.1% 14,20 did not present significant differences of high BP between men and women, 36.4% 8,13,15,21 pointed out to the higher prevalence among male participants and in 45.5% 7,18,22,25,28 the female gender had more prevalence of high BP.…”

“…The compiled studies were conducted in the Southeast (38%) 7,[13][14][15][19][20][21]29 , Northeast (28.5%) 11,16,17,[22][23]25 , South (24%) 8,10,24,26,27 and Center-West regions (9.5%) 18,28 . No studies were verified in the North region.…”

“…Only one analysis was regional16, and the others were restricted to municipal areas. Out of the 21 articles, 90% were performed by school-based surveys 7,8,10,11,13,14,[16][17][18][19][20][22][23][24][25][26][28][29][30] and 10% by household survey 15,27 . In school-based surveys, the prevalence ranged from 2.5 7 to 30.9% 8 ; as to household surveys, prevalence ranging from 12.3 27 to 17.9% 15 was described.…”