Hipertensão arterial e alguns fatores de risco em uma capital brasileira

Abstract

SummaryObjectives: Estimate the prevalence of hypertension and some cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of a major city in Brazil.Methods: Descriptive, observational, transversal population-based study substantiated by the home survey of a simple random sample (>18 years old). Standardized questionnaires were used to obtain sociodemographic information, measurements of blood pressure (2 measurements), weight, height, and abdominal circumference (AC). Microsoft Access and Epi Info 6 were used for data storage and analysis, respectively. The last blood pressure reading was used (hypertension: BP≥140x90mmHg).Results: The study evaluated 1,739 individuals (87% of the estimated sample). There was a predominance of females (65.4%) and mean age was 39.7 years (±15.6); arterial hypertension prevalence was 36.4%, higher for the male population (41.8%) when compared to females (31.8%). Correlation between Hypertension and Body Mass Index was positive, as well as with AC and age. The female gender and higher income were protective factors against hypertension. Prevalence of overweight and obesity were 30.0% and 13.6%, respectively; overweight was higher among females and obesity among males. The prevalence of smoking was 20.1%, more frequent among males (27.1%), when compared to females (16.4%). A sedentary lifestyle was observed in 62.3% of the population, with no difference between the genders. Regular alcohol consumption was reported by 44.4% of the individuals, being more frequent in males.Conclusion: Hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors (particularly overweight/obesity) indicators are high, reinforcing the need for objective nationwide measures to fight this disease, in order to reduce CVD morbidity and mortality.

Physical activity, adiposity and hypertension among patients of public healthcare system

“…Confirming this evidence, Pitanga and Lessa 31 observed that physically active adults during leisure time had lower levels of SBP and DBP. At the same time, a study estimated the prevalence of AH and some of its risk factors in Goiânia, Goiás, and observed that moderate or intensive physical activity during leisure time and mild physical activity at work presented a negative association with the occurrence of AH 3 . Considering physical activities of locomotion, Hayashi et al 32 investigated the association between time of walk to work and physical activity during leisure time with the risk of AH and found 12% less risks of becoming ill when the time of walk increased 10 minutes.…”

“…Arterial hypertension (AH) is a chronic disease in charge of the increasing risk of fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, which contributes to the high demand in urgency and emergency sectors and primary health care services [1][2][3] . Since it is characterized as a multifactorial clinical condition, the disease requires special attention in the identification of associated comorbidities or risk factors.…”

“…Especially concerning the increasing adipose tissue, special attention should be given to abdominal obesity, which is characterized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and presents higher atherogenic potential 3,5 . Several indexes enable to identify overall obesity (or excessive weight), such as body mass index (BMI), which is the most used one for being easy to obtain and apply, and also due to its good correlation with body fat measurements 6 .…”

Prevalência de hipertensão arterial em militares jovens e fatores associados

“…b Some factors are important in the determination of arterial hypertension, like excess weight, which has been frequently reported in the scientific literature. 10,12 Other factors include: smoking, which causes the activation of the sympathetic nervous system, oxidative stress and vasoconstrictive effect associated with the increase in inflammations related to hypertension; 3 alcohol consumption, which has been associated with an increase in hypertension prevalence, probably due to the fact that it has a direct harmful action on the cardiac muscle. 6 On the other hand, physical activity, at high and regular levels, tends to reduce blood pressure values.…”

Avaliacao de projeto de promocao da saude para adolescentes

“…12 Several studies recommend establishing campaigns to promote healthy habits and changes in behavior in pupils, and others emphasize the importance of educating this population on the risk factors for chronic non-communicable illness and measures for avoiding these illnesses. 1,6,11,15 The PVS sought to promote permanent educational campaigns for teachers and health care professionals, and events promoting health in the partner school communities approaching topics concerned with healthy habits and citizenship through active methodologies. 4 However, studies show that merely establishing policies does not promote change, the dimension of the choices needs to be taken into account, in the case of diet, as well as the use of qualitative strategies, to redeem concepts, beliefs and individual and group behavior.…”