Circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001-2010

Cabral, Claudius Couto; Morais, Ana Carolina Nunes de; Dias, Alba Valéria de Almeida Barcelos; Araújo, Marcela Garcia; Moreira, Wildeberg Cál; Mattos, G. L. M.

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822012000200008

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The presence of RABV in a number of different bat species inhabiting urban environments has been recorded in a number of previous studies 7 , 10 , 12 , 23 . In the present study, A. planirostris was the most common species in terms of the number of specimens captured, and presented a high proportion (52.46%) of seropositive individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…In urban areas, the number of cases of human rabies caused by dogs declined considerably in the Americas, as a result of the Pan-American Health Organization initiatives 25 , meanwhile the number of cases caused by bats increased, because of the aforementioned rural cases 37 . However, a number of South American studies have confirmed cases of rabies, in both bats and humans, in urban environments in countries such as Chile 23 and Colombia 3 , as well as Brazilian cities, including Rio de Janeiro 7 , Ubatuba in Sao Paulo 12 , and Campo Grande in Mato Grosso do Sul 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virological and Serological Diagnosis of Rabies in Bats From an Urban Area in the Brazilian Amazon

Oliveira

Costa

Andrade

et al. 2015

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The outbreaks of rabies in humans transmitted by Desmodus rotundus in 2004 and 2005, in the northeast of the Brazilian State of Para, eastern Amazon basin, made this a priority area for studies on this zoonosis. Given this, the present study provides data on this phenomenon in an urban context, in order to assess the possible circulation of the classic rabies virus (RABV) among bat species in Capanema, a town in the Amazon basin. Bats were collected, in 2011, with mist nets during the wet and dry seasons. Samples of brain tissue and blood were collected for virological and serological survey, respectively. None of the 153 brain tissue samples analyzed tested positive for RABV infection, but 50.34% (95% CI: 45.67-55.01%) of the serum samples analyzed were seropositive. Artibeus planirostris was the most common species, with a high percentage of seropositive individuals (52.46%, 95% CI: 52.31 52.60%). Statistically, equal proportions of seropositive results were obtained in the rainy and dry seasons (c2 = 0.057, d.f. = 1, p = 0.88). Significantly higher proportions of males (55.96%, 95% CI: 48.96-62.96%) and adults (52.37%, 95% CI: 47.35-57.39%) were seropositive. While none of the brain tissue samples tested positive for infection, the high proportion of seropositive specimens indicates that RABV may be widespread in this urban area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virological and Serological Diagnosis of Rabies in Bats From an Urban Area in the Brazilian Amazon

Oliveira

Costa

Andrade

et al. 2015

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…RABV has been occasionally detected in non-hematophagous bats in some cities, yet their role in virus transmission is unclear (CABRAL et al, 2012). Control of urban rabies is usually performed by massive immunization of canine and feline populations, associated with control of populations of stray dogs (WHO, 2013).…”

Section: Das Amostras Possuíam Títulos De Anticorpos Neutralizantes ≥mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies against rabies virus in dogs with and without history of vaccination in Santa Maria - RS - Brazil

et al. 2017

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The present study investigated the frequency and magnitude of neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus (RABV) in dogs with and without historic of vaccination in Santa Maria/RS. Group A included serum samples from 440 dogs with recent historic of vaccination against rabies, obtained during the 2015 rabies vaccination campaign. Group B included 300 serum samples from dogs submitted to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria in 2015, whose historic of rabies vaccination was unknown. Serum samples were submitted to the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) to detect neutralizing antibodies against RABV. In group A, 70.6% (310/440) of the samples had neutralizing antibody titers ≥0.5 international units per milliliter (IU mL-1), considered an indicative of protection against rabies by the World Health Organization. However, approximately 30% of the dogs did not contain antibodies in adequate levels. In group B, 42.3% (127/300) of the samples contained neutralizing antibody titers ≥0.5IU mL-1 and 57.7% (173/300) were negative or contained titers below of the value considered immunized. These results demonstrate that an important proportion of vaccinated dogs (~30%) did not develop adequate antibody levels, mainly those receiving a single vaccine dose. Serologic testing of animals with unknown historic of vaccination revealed relatively low vaccine coverage in the general dog population. Thus, reformulation of immunization strategies - especially the recommendation of a boost vaccination 30 days after the primary dose - and extension of vaccination campaigns are necessary to reach adequate levels and coverage of immunity against RABV in the canine population.

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“…The increased abundance of bats in urban areas may also generate conflicts with humans and domestic animals, both as a nuisance and, more importantly, in the transmission of diseases, particularly those caused by RNA viruses, including the rabies virus (RABV), Ebola virus, SARS-CoV, Hendra virus and Nipah virus [6, 7]. According to the United Nations, currently 87% of the Brazilian population lives in urban areas, a proportion higher than that observed in the United States and United Kingdom [8], but few studies address the bat fauna in Brazilian cities, and even fewer address their pathogens [5, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal distribution of a non-haematophagous bat community and rabies virus circulation: a proposal for urban rabies surveillance in Brazil

et al. 2019

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In Brazil, rabies surveillance is based on monitoring domestic and wild animals, although the most prevalent lineage of the rabies virus (RABV) currently diagnosed in Brazil is associated with bats, particularly non-haematophagous bats. Disease control is based on the mass vaccination of dogs and cats. We used data collected by the passive surveillance system of the city of Campinas from 2011 to 2015, to describe the temporal and geographic distributions of the bat specimens and RABV and discuss the current rabies surveillance with the advent of the declaration of canine and feline rabies-free areas in Brazil. We described the species, locations and health statuses of the collected bat specimens. Moreover, all samples were submitted for RABV diagnosis. Then, we performed a time series decomposition for each bat family. Additionally, we determined the spatiotemporal relative risk for RABV infection using the ratio of the kernel-smoothed estimates of spatiotemporal densities of RABV-positive and RABV-negative bats. From the 2537 bat specimens, the most numerous family was Molossidae (72%), followed by Vespertilionidae (14%) and Phyllostomidae (13%). The bat families behaved differently in terms of seasonal and spatial patterns. The distribution of bats varied geographically in the urban environment, with Molossidae and Phyllostomidae being observed downtown and Vespertilionidae being observed in peripheral zones. Concurrently, a significant relative risk of RABV infection was observed downtown for Vespertilionidae and in peripheral zones for Molossidae. No RABV-positive sample clusters were observed. As a result of the official declaration of RABV-free areas in southern Brazil, mass dog and cat vaccinations are expected to halt in the near future. This stoppage would make most dog and cat populations susceptible to other RABV lineages, such as those maintained by non-haematophagous bats. In this scenario, all information available on bats and RABV distribution in urban areas is essential. Currently, few studies have been conducted. Some local health authorities, such as that in Campinas, are spontaneously basing their surveillance efforts on bat rabies, which is the alternative in reality scenario of increased susceptibility to bat-associated RABV that is developing in Brazil.

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Circulation of the rabies virus in non-hematophagous bats in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during 2001-2010

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Virological and Serological Diagnosis of Rabies in Bats From an Urban Area in the Brazilian Amazon

Virological and Serological Diagnosis of Rabies in Bats From an Urban Area in the Brazilian Amazon

Antibodies against rabies virus in dogs with and without history of vaccination in Santa Maria - RS - Brazil

Spatiotemporal distribution of a non-haematophagous bat community and rabies virus circulation: a proposal for urban rabies surveillance in Brazil

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