Antibodies against rabies virus in dogs with and without history of vaccination in Santa Maria - RS - Brazil

Fernandes, Karina Gonzalez Câmara; Martins, Mathias; Amaral, Bruna Portolan; Cargnelutti, Juliana Felipetto; Weiblen, Rudi; Flores, Eduardo Furtado

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20170125

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In similar way to our results, it has been recently reported the frequency and magnitude of neutralizing antibodies to RABV in dogs with and without historic of vaccination in Santa Maria/RS, Brazil, during missive 2015 rabies vaccination campaign (Fernandes et al 2017), the results shown that after single dose vaccination, between 30-58% of dogs do not contain neutralizing antibodies against RABV in adequate levels, highlighting current vaccine status in dogs that may not be sufficient to prevent an eventual introduction and transmission of the virus to unprotected dogs (Fernandes et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Most of the regional campaigns of vaccination of dogs and cats against rabies in Brazil (Fernandes et al 2017) and Colombia (present data) used cell culture rabies inactivated virus and aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. Similar to the analyzed data by (Fernandes et al 2017), Vaccine quality, dose, age of primary vaccination, nutritional status, presence of concomitant infections, in addition to the individual immunological capacity could not be evaluated, it is not possible to attribute to any of them the observed unresponsiveness to vaccination in many animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Low level of the immune response against rabies virus in dogs and cats, a cross-sectional study in sheltered animals, Santander, Colombia

2018

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Rabies is an incurable and fatal progressive viral encephalomyelitis that causes approximately 61,000 deaths a year globally mainly by dog bites, which show the importance of anti-rabies vaccination in dogs to achieve elimination of the disease. In Colombia, multiple cases of human rabies transmitted by dogs and cats have been reported since 1999, showing an increased significance of cats in the transmission of rabies, mainly in rabies of wild origin. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of neutralizing antibodies in dogs and cats during the mass vaccination campaign of the second half of 2015 in the city of Bucaramanga. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was conducted in 382 dogs and cats (295 dogs, 87 cats), and an evaluation of the humoral immune response of the animals was performed by quantitative ELISA. The prevalence of optimal neutralizing antibodies (>0.5 IU/ml) was only 32.76% (95% CI=28.05-37.46%) in the entire population studied and most of the animals did not have an adequate response to the vaccination, or seroconversion was not detected on them (65.45-95% confidence interval, CI=60.68-70.21%). Significant difference was found between the neutralizing antibody titers in cats and dogs, with a higher neutralizing response in cats. In conclusion, although mass vaccination campaigns for dogs and cats are the most important measure to interrupt virus circulation among the animals, achievement of a good neutralizing immune response in the animals is useful to demonstrate that vaccination has been successful, allowing the maintenance of the required minimum levels of population immunity. These results will allow the implementation of corrective measures in Bucaramanga to achieve better seroconversion rates. Other cities are expected to implement similar seroconversion assessments to verify the quality of effective anti-rabies vaccination in animal populations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low level of the immune response against rabies virus in dogs and cats, a cross-sectional study in sheltered animals, Santander, Colombia

2018

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“…According to Oboegbulem et al (1987) and Tepsumethanon et al (2016) rabies vaccination failure in animals might be higher, but it was approximated to 0.025% in rabies vaccinated dogs. The 35% of vaccinated dogs that were not protected in this study was higher than 4.62, 12 and 30% which were reported by Ondrejková et al (2015), Wallace et al (2017) and Fernandes et al (2017). The high number of dogs that were not protected in this study could be related to time elapsed between vaccinationsampling.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Rabies serosurvey of domestic dogs in Kigali City, Rwanda

Ntampaka¹,

Nyaga²,

Gathumbi³

et al. 2019

J. Vet. Med. Anim. Health

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In Rwanda, rabies is a threat to public health and the control is mainly done by vaccinating pet dogs annually. However, it is unknown whether dogs that received rabies vaccination achieved protective antibody levels. This study assessed factors influencing rabies antibody titres in vaccinated and nonvaccinated pet dogs in Kigali City, Rwanda. A questionnaire was used to gather information on 137 study dogs and clotted blood samples were collected from 93 healthy pet dogs. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to quantify rabies antibody titres. Frequency and geometric mean titres, as well as chi-square and regression analysis, were used to study the data. The results showed that 35% of the vaccinated dogs had antibody titres below 0.5 EU/ml while 53.8% of the nonvaccinated dogs had detectable antibodies varying between 0.133 and 0.238 EU/ml. All types of rabies vaccine (A, B, C, D, and E) used elicited diverse antibody levels and the overall mean titre was 1.071. Vaccinated dogs had a higher mean number of rabies antibodies (11.776059735) than non-vaccinated dogs (1.41579378). Mean titres decreased with time between vaccination and sampling, that is, 1.559, 0.949, and 0.934 in dogs sampled 1-5, 6-9 and 10-12 months following vaccination, respectively. The mean titres increased steadily from the first to the fourth vaccination times, namely 0.608, 1.320, 1,395, and 1.787, respectively. Mean titres increased with dogs' age and varied between 0.638 and 1.515. Factors including vaccination status, number of vaccination, time elapsed between vaccination and sampling, and age at vaccination influenced rabies antibody titres. Irrespective of the type of rabies vaccine applied, 99% of vaccinated dogs produced rabies antibodies though not all had protective levels. Considering the high number of vaccinated dogs that were poor responders to rabies vaccination, further studies should be undertaken to investigate and understand the phenomenon.

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“…However, the absence of vaccination has caused animals to lose the immune reinforcement provided by it and, despite the large decrease in cases of canine and feline rabies since 1999, there was an increase in the infection of dogs and cats [75] with consequent transmission to humans. This demonstrates the importance of these animals as secondary transmitters and of maintaining vaccination even where the disease has already been eliminated [76] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with adherence to annual rabies vaccination in dogs and cats in the municipality of Curuçá, Eastern Amazon

Andrade

Nascimento

Silva

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Dogs and cats maintain the urban cycle of rabies, and vaccination is the main form of prevention and control of the disease. Brazil has seen human rabies cases transmitted by dogs and cats infected with the bat variant in regions where annual campaigns no longer take place. Although the municipality of Curuçá has no cases of urban rabies and viral circulation in wild animals is unknown, there are informal reports of contact of animals and people with vampire bats. This study aimed to identify factors associated with immune response against the rabies virus in dogs and cats in this municipality. A total of 352 dogs and 46 cats were randomly selected for blood collection and their owners answered a questionnaire. The animals were mostly males, aged between 1-3 years, and with unrestricted access to the street. A total of 48.8% of dogs and 32% of cats were not vaccinated in the last anti-rabies campaign, and 4.7% of dogs had been attacked by bats. Among the analyzed samples, only 21.1% had a titration ≥ 0.5 IU/mL. Risk factors for not participating in vaccination campaigns included species, presence of veterinary care, and participation in annual vaccination campaigns (OR = 0.46, 2.55, and 15.67 respectively). The animal population was estimated at 18,620 dogs and 4,556 cats. The human:dog ratio was 2.1:1 and the human:cat ratio was 8.7:1. This study revealed that the estimated population of dogs based on the human population was an underestimate for communities in the Amazon region. This was the first time that the number of dogs attacked by bats was determined. Health education with an emphasis on responsible ownership and periodic and biannual rabies vaccinations are recommended for the municipality.

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Antibodies against rabies virus in dogs with and without history of vaccination in Santa Maria - RS - Brazil

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Low level of the immune response against rabies virus in dogs and cats, a cross-sectional study in sheltered animals, Santander, Colombia

Low level of the immune response against rabies virus in dogs and cats, a cross-sectional study in sheltered animals, Santander, Colombia

Rabies serosurvey of domestic dogs in Kigali City, Rwanda

Factors associated with adherence to annual rabies vaccination in dogs and cats in the municipality of Curuçá, Eastern Amazon

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