Virological and Serological Diagnosis of Rabies in Bats From an Urban Area in the Brazilian Amazon

Oliveira, Rubens Souza de; Costa, Luciano; Andrade, Fernanda Atanaena Gonçalves de; Uieda, Wilson; Martorelli, Luzia Fátima Alves; Kataoka, Akihiro; Rosa, Elizabeth Salbé Travassos da; Vasconcelos, Pedro Fernando da Costa; Pereira, Armando de Souza; Carmo, Antônio Ismael Barros do; Fernandes, Marcus Emanuel Barroncas

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652015000600006

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This species was collected in culverts, abandoned buildings, and nets while flying at night. A high percentage of seropositive bats was observed in this species (31.9%), which is in concordance with Oliveira et al 13 .…”

Section: /6supporting

confidence: 92%

“…No significant differences were recorded between sex and age of bats in accordance with Thoisy et al 9 , Almeida et al 11 , and Costa et al 12 . However, Oliveira et al 13 found significantly higher proportions of males and adults that were seropositive for rabies.…”

Section: /6mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The neotropical genus Carollia includes some of the most abundant species of mammals. Rabies-seropositive individuals of this species have been frequently reported 10,12,13 .…”

Section: /6mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rabies virus monitoring in bat populations in Rondônia state, Brazil

Almeida

Rosa

Martorelli

et al. 2019

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction: The Jirau hydroelectric power plant built in Rondônia state has environmental impacts that could be relevant to rabies outbreaks. Methods: Bat populations were monitored for rabies by fluorescent antibody testing and simplified fluorescent inhibition microtesting between 2010 and 2015. Results: All 1,183 bats tested negative for rabies. The prevalence of rabies antibodies was 17.5% in 1,049 bats. Conclusions: The rabies antibody dosage was not reactive in samples collected before the environmental changes, and there was a progressive increase in subsequent collections that could indicate an increase in rabies virus circulation among bats and risk of a rabies outbreak.

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Section: /6supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: /6mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Rabies virus monitoring in bat populations in Rondônia state, Brazil

Almeida

Rosa

Martorelli

et al. 2019

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Even so, the ample geographic distribution of D . rotundus and the free circulation of the virus among bats are two of the factors that contribute most to the persistence of the disease in the Brazilian Amazon region [ 51 , 52 ]. The persistence of outbreaks in certain areas is also related directly to the performance of the local public health authorities responsible for the control of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Analysis for Detecting High-Risk Areas for Bovine/Human Rabies Transmitted by the Common Hematophagous Bat in the Amazon Region, Brazil

Andrade

Gomes²,

Uieda

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe common hematophagous bat, Desmodus rotundus, is one of the main wild reservoirs of rabies virus in several regions in Latin America. New production practices and changed land use have provided environmental features that have been very favorable for D. rotundus bat populations, making this species the main transmitter of rabies in the cycle that involves humans and herbivores. In the Amazon region, these features include a mosaic of environmental, social, and economic components, which together creates areas with different levels of risk for human and bovine infections, as presented in this work in the eastern Brazilian Amazon.MethodologyWe geo-referenced a total of 175 cases of rabies, of which 88% occurred in bovines and 12% in humans, respectively, and related these cases to a number of different geographical and biological variables. The spatial distribution was analyzed using the Kernel function, while the association with independent variables was assessed using a multi-criterion Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique.FindingsThe spatiotemporal analysis of the occurrence of rabies in bovines and humans found reduction in the number of cases in the eastern state of Pará, where no more cases were recorded in humans, whereas high infection rates were recorded in bovines in the northeastern part of the state, and low rates in the southeast. The areas of highest risk for bovine rabies are found in the proximity of rivers and highways. In the case of human rabies, the highest concentration of high-risk areas was found where the highway network coincides with high densities of rural and indigenous populations.ConclusionThe high-risk areas for human and bovine rabies are patchily distributed, and related to extensive deforested areas, large herds of cattle, and the presence of highways. These findings provide an important database for the generation of epidemiological models that could support the development of effective prevention measures and controls.

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“…This apparent decline may reflect lower levels of viral circulation in the bat population and may be responsible for the lower seroprevalence proportion demonstrated in this contemporary study (8.6%), as compared the previous study conducted in the 1970s (12.8%) [29]. Conversely, studies conducted in South America demonstrate an inverse relationship between RABV prevalence and RVNA seroprevalence [43,44,75]. This may be attributed to the protective effect of herd immunity and death of virus-infected individuals, with the virus less able to establish infection and sustain bat to bat transmission due to increasing numbers of immune individuals.…”

Section: Rabv Prevalence Ratesmentioning

confidence: 54%

The Serological Prevalence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in the Bat Population on the Caribbean Island of Trinidad

Seetahal

Greenberg

Satheshkumar

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Rabies virus (RABV) is the only lyssavirus known to be present within the Caribbean. The island of Trinidad, is richly diverse in chiropteran fauna and endemic for bat-transmitted rabies with low RABV isolation rates observed in this population. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) in light of spatio-temporal and bat demographic factors to infer the extent of natural exposure to RABV in the Trinidadian bat population. RVNA titers were determined by the RABV micro-neutralization test on 383 bat samples representing 21 species, comprising 30.9% of local bat diversity, from 31 locations across the island over 5 years. RVNA was positively detected in 33 samples (8.6%) representing 6 bat species (mainly frugivorous) with titers ranging from 0.1 to 19 IU/mL (mean 1.66 IU/mL). The analyses based on a multivariable binomial generalised linear mixed-effects model showed that bat age and year of capture were significant predictors of seropositivity. Thus, juvenile bats were more likely to be seropositive when compared to adults (estimate 1.13; p = 0.04) which may suggest early exposure to the RABV with possible implications for viral amplification in this population. Temporal variation in rabies seropositivity, 2012–2014 versus 2015–2017 (estimate 1.07; p = 0.03) may have been related to the prevailing rabies epizootic situation. Regarding other factors investigated, RVNA was found in bats from both rural and non-rural areas, as well as in both hematophagous and non-hematophagous bat species. The most common seropositive species, Artibeus jamaicensis planirostris is ubiquitous throughout the island which may potentially facilitate human exposure. The findings of this study should be factored into public health assessments on the potential for rabies transmission by non-hematophagous bats in Trinidad.

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Virological and Serological Diagnosis of Rabies in Bats From an Urban Area in the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Rabies virus monitoring in bat populations in Rondônia state, Brazil

Rabies virus monitoring in bat populations in Rondônia state, Brazil

Geographical Analysis for Detecting High-Risk Areas for Bovine/Human Rabies Transmitted by the Common Hematophagous Bat in the Amazon Region, Brazil

The Serological Prevalence of Rabies Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies in the Bat Population on the Caribbean Island of Trinidad

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