Distribuição das espécies do gênero Loxosceles Heinecken & Lowe, 1835 (Araneae; Sicariidae) no Estado do Paraná

Abstract

RESUMO

Alien spiders: First record of Loxosceles gaucho Gertsch, 1967 (Araneae: Sicariidae) in the Amazon region, Brazil

“…These two species can be distinguishable by the identification key below. Gertsch, 1967 ¹Rio de Janeiro and ¹São Paulo Loxosceles amazonica Gertsch, 1967 ¹³Amazonas, ²Pará, ²Tocantins, ²Bahia, ²Ceará, ²Maranhão, ²Paraiba, ²Pernambuco, ²Piaui, ⁴Rio Grande do Norte and ²Mato Grosso Loxosceles anomala (Mello-Leitão, 1917) ⁸Minas Gerais Loxosceles cardosoi Bertani, von Schimonsky & Gallão, 2018 ⁵Bahia Loxosceles carinhanha Bertani, von Schimonsky & Gallão, 2018 ⁵Bahia Loxosceles chapadensis Bertani, Fukushima & Nagahama, 2010 ⁵Bahia Loxosceles ericsoni Bertani, von Schimonsky & Gallão, 2018 ⁵Minas Gerais Loxosceles gaucho Gertsch, 1967 ¹São Paulo, ¹⁹Paraná, ¹Rio Grande do Sul and Amazonas* Loxosceles hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1931 ⁶Paraná and ⁶Rio Grande do Sul Loxosceles immodesta (Mello-Leitão, 1917), ⁸São Paulo Loxosceles intermedia Mello-Leitão, 1934 ⁷São Paulo, ¹⁷Rio de Janeiro, ⁹Paraná and Distrito Federal Loxosceles karstica Bertani, von Schimonsky & Gallão, 2018 ⁵Bahia and ⁵Minas Gerais Loxosceles laeta (Nicolet, 1849) ¹Rio Grande do Sul, ¹Santa Catarina, ⁹Paraná, ¹São Paulo, ¹Minas Gerais and ¹⁰Rio de Janeiro Loxosceles muriciensis Fukushima ¹Gertsch, 1967;²Silveira, 2015;³Almeida et al, 2017;⁴Fukushima et al, 2017;⁵Bertani et al, 2018b;⁶Mello-Leitão, 1931;⁷Mello-Leitão, 1934;⁸Mello-Leitão, 1917;⁹Marques-da-Silva & Fischer, 2005;¹⁰Silveira, 2009;¹¹Gonçalves-de-Andrade et al, 2012;¹²Martins et al, 2002;¹³Souza & Ferreira, 2018. Almeida, M.Q.…”

Contextual analysis and epidemiology of spider bite in southern Santa Catarina State, Brazil

“…10,[14][15][16] Worldwide, approximately 20 of 200 arachnid genera can cause severe human poisoning and the Loxosceles genus is widespread, with more than 100 species distributed across the globe. 21,22 Furthermore, many studies on spider distribution have found a greater number of species living around homes, increasing the likelihood of contact with these animals and humans. 23 The number of recorded spider bites increased between 1994 and 2006.…”

Chemical Control of Spiders and Scorpions in Urban Areas

“…In Brazil, most accidents are recorded in the Paraná State, where loxoscelism is considered a serious public health problem. The species responsible for the majority of the reported accidents is L. intermedia [84,102]. This species prefers indoor environments [103] and wanders extensively, increasing its chances of human contact, with accidents being more frequent in the hottest months of the year [84].…”

“…In synanthropic environments, Loxosceles spiders are found in cardboard boxes especially under folded flaps, in cupboards, behind bookcases and dressers, in trash, under broken concrete and asphalt and, of medical concern, in shoes and clothes left out on the floor or stored in closets and garages. There is a propensity for L. laeta and L. intermedia to be found frequently in association with rough surfaces such as cardboard, construction material, wood and cloth and less so with smooth surfaces such as metal and ceramic [102]. This fact is probably linked to the absence of subungueal tufts on Loxosceles species and consequent need to use rough surfaces to climb.…”