Bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of Brazil: differences between genders during puberty

Braga, Cynthia; Dourado, Inês; Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar; Miranda, Janaina; Alexander, Neal

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822005000300003

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In West Africa, Culex mosquitoes, although widely distributed [113], are considered refractory to infection [114][115][116], although some studies have demonstrated compatibility between West African strains of W. bancrofti and Culex and Mansonia mosquitoes [117][118][119][120]. Culex transmission also occurs in Asia [121][122][123][124][125][126] and Culex quinquefasciatus is the only vector known in the Americas [127,128]. The true extent of LF transmission in urban settings, especially in subSaharan Africa, remains poorly documented [30,129,130], and further work is warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global distribution and transmission limits of lymphatic filariasis: past and present

Cano

Rebollo

Golding

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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Background: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is one of the neglected tropical diseases targeted for global elimination by 2020 and to guide elimination efforts countries have, in recent years, conducted extensive mapping surveys. Documenting the past and present distribution of LF and its environmental limits is important for a number of reasons. Here, we present an initiative to develop a global atlas of LF and present a new global map of the limits of LF transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The global distribution and transmission limits of lymphatic filariasis: past and present

Cano

Rebollo

Golding

et al. 2014

Parasites & Vectors

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“…Epidemiologic studies in large population samples have shown an increased risk of adverse drug effects among females 31,32 however, most MDA dosages in LF elimination programs have been defined based on population parameters of weight-for-age 13,14,33,34 and have not considered sex variations in weight in terms of the tolerability of antifilarial drugs. The data from this study suggest that adjusting dosage schedules in MDA by genders may reduce the occurrence of ADRs, primarily by reducing the number of ADRs in the female population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse reactions following mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine in lymphatic filariasis endemic areas in the Northeast of Brazil

Lima

Medeiros

Santos

et al. 2012

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched with the goal of eliminating this disease via the annual mass drug administration (MDA) of a single dose of antifilarial drugs. Adverse drug reactions following MDA are a major factor of poor treatment adherence in several countries. This study assessed the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following the first round of mass treatment in two communities treated with different dosages of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in the City of Recife, Brazil. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in a random sample of the population living in both communities (Areas I and II). The dose of DEC recommended by the WHO (6mg/kg) was calculated based on the individual's weight-for-age. In Area II, weight differences between the genders were also considered when determining dosage. Data were obtained through interviews conducted in the first 12 to 48h and on the 5 th day after MDA during household visits. Results: A total of 487 and 365 individuals were interviewed in Areas I and II, respectively. The prevalence of ADRs in Area I (23.6; 95%CI: 19.1-29.5) was higher than in Area II (16.2; 95%CI:11.9-21.5)(p=0.0078). The prevalence of ADRs among females was higher than in males in Area I (p=0.0021). In Area II, no significant difference between the genders was observed (p=0.1840). Age was not associated with ADRs in either area. Conclusions: Adjusting MDA dosage schedules according to weight-for-age and sex may be may contribute to reduce the occurrence of adverse drug reactions in the population.

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“…Of the 15 epidemiology studies, outcomes were prospectively ascertained in five 80,88,89,91,92 and elicited in a cross-sectional manner at the same time as infection exposure status, in 10. 90,[93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101] Physical pubertal characteristics were measured using Tanner and Marshall staging which uses line drawings showing five stages from Tanner stage T1-T5, with stage T2 marking the onset of pubertal development and stages T3-T5 marking increasing maturity. 102,103 With one exception where age at menarche was determined through medical records, 92 the start of menarche was recalled by study participants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection and pubertal timing: a systematic review

McDonald

Eng

Dina

et al. 2016

J Dev Orig Health Dis

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The decline in age of pubertal timing has serious public health implications ranging from psychosocial adjustment problems to a possible increase in reproductive cancers. One biologically plausible explanation for the decline is a decrease in exposures to infections. To systematically review studies that assess the role of infection in pubertal timing, Medline, Web of Science and EMBASE were systematically searched and retrieved studies were reviewed for eligibility. Eligible studies examined the association between infections, including microbial exposures, and physical pubertal characteristics (breast, genitalia and pubic hair development) or age at menarche. We excluded studies that were published in a language other than English, focused on precocious puberty, were case studies, and/or included youth with autoimmune diseases. We report on study design, population characteristics, measurement of infection and puberty and the main effects of infection on pubertal development. Based on our search terms we identified 1372 unique articles, of which only 15 human and five animal studies met our eligibility criteria. Not all studies examined all outcomes. Infection was associated with later breast development (4/4 human studies), with less consistent evidence for genitalia and pubic hair development. Seven studies assessed age at menarche with inconsistent findings (three supporting later, four no association). We conclude that a small but consistent literature supports that infection is associated with later breast development; the evidence for other pubertal events and age at menarche is less clear. Where fewer childhood infections coincide with the rise in incidence of hormone-related cancers.

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Bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area of Brazil: differences between genders during puberty

Abstract: Gender differences in susceptibility to infectious diseases have been observed in various studies

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

The global distribution and transmission limits of lymphatic filariasis: past and present

The global distribution and transmission limits of lymphatic filariasis: past and present

Adverse reactions following mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine in lymphatic filariasis endemic areas in the Northeast of Brazil

Infection and pubertal timing: a systematic review

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