The global distribution and transmission limits of lymphatic filariasis: past and present

Cano, Jorge; Rebollo, Maria P.; Golding, Nick; Pullan, Rachel L.; Crellen, Thomas; Soler, Anna; Hope, Louise A Kelly-; Lindsay, Steve W.; Hay, Simon I.; Bockarie, Moses J.; Brooker, Simon

doi:10.1186/preaccept-4166218931344497

Cited by 32 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…In Peninsular Malaysia, B malayi is the major culprit of filariasis and it was once attributed to 76.3% zoonotic transmission from non‐human primates . Various species of mosquito from the genera Anopheles , Aedes , Culex , Mansonia and Ochlerotatus transmit these parasites . The vectors can easily transmit filariasis as mosquitoes which are abundant in Kelantan, and many areas in the state were developed without a proper drainage system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 Various species of mosquito from the genera Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, Mansonia and Ochlerotatus transmit these parasites. 26,27 The vectors can easily transmit filariasis as mosqui- This postulation is supported by the fact that captive orangutans can carry patent infestations of Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides, common pathogens that infect humans. 27…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of parasites in working pig‐tailed Macaques (Macaca nemestrina) in Kelantan, Malaysia

Choong

Armiladiana

Hamdan

et al. 2019

J of Medical Primatology

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Background Coconut is an important commodity in Kelantan, and pig‐tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) have been traditionally used for coconut‐plucking for over a century. Most of these animals were sourced from the wild population, and the parasitic status of these macaques is unknown, plus the impacts caused by these parasites are usually underestimated by the owners. Methods A total of 30 macaques were sampled for blood, faeces and hair plucks to detect parasite. Results Out of 21 faecal samples examined, 11 (52%) were determined positive for one or more gastrointestinal parasites, namely Trichostrongylus spp., Strongyloides spp., Anatrichosoma spp., Capillaria spp., Trichuris spp. and Paramphisotomum spp. Filaria was detected in one (3%) of the blood samples. For ectoparasites, only lice, Pedicinus sp., were found in 9 (30%) macaques. Conclusions It is imperative that the parasitic status of these animals be determined so that necessary actions and preventive measures can be implemented to prevent zoonotic transmissions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of parasites in working pig‐tailed Macaques (Macaca nemestrina) in Kelantan, Malaysia

Choong

Armiladiana

Hamdan

et al. 2019

J of Medical Primatology

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“…However, many countries continue to have high prevalence of LF and STH [24] (www.thiswormyworld.org) and more intense and sustained efforts in these regions are clearly needed. Importantly, there is extensive overlap in the distribution of NID and malaria [25], which shows the necessity of targeting both diseases with the same integrated control strategy if we are ever to have success in disease elimination and eradication campaigns.…”

Section: Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ivermectin: a complimentary weapon against the spread of malaria?

Alout

Foy

2016

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy

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Introduction Ivermectin has transformed the treatment of parasitic diseases and led to incommensurable benefits to humans and animals. Ivermectin is effective in treating several neglected infectious diseases and recently it has been shown to reduce malaria parasite transmission. Areas covered Malaria control strategies could benefit from the addition of ivermectin to interrupt the transmission cycle if it is a long lasting formulation or repeatedly administered. In turn, this will help also to control neglected infectious diseases where the elimination goal has been slower to achieve. Despite the relevance of using ivermectin for integrated and sustained disease control, there are still essential questions that remain to be addressed about safety and practicality. The efficacy in various malaria ecologies and the interaction between control tools, either drugs or insecticides, are also important to assess. Expert commentary Overlapping distribution of several infectious diseases reveals the benefit of integrating control programs against several infectious diseases into one strategy for cost effectiveness and to reach the elimination goals. The use of ivermectin to control malaria transmission will necessitate development and testing of long-lasting formulations or repeated treatments, and implementation of these treatments with other disease control tools may increase the chance of successful and sustained control.

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“…For example, they provide important baseline estimates of disease limits [2–7], transmission [8–10] and clinical burden [11–14]; underpin surveillance systems and outbreak tracking [15,16]; help target resource allocation from the macro- [17,18] through the meso- [19–22] to the micro-scale [23]; and inform international travel guidelines [24–26]. Significant developments in mapping techniques have occurred over the last few decades, particularly through the use of species distribution models and model-based geostatistics [1,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prioritising Infectious Disease Mapping

et al. 2015

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BackgroundIncreasing volumes of data and computational capacity afford unprecedented opportunities to scale up infectious disease (ID) mapping for public health uses. Whilst a large number of IDs show global spatial variation, comprehensive knowledge of these geographic patterns is poor. Here we use an objective method to prioritise mapping efforts to begin to address the large deficit in global disease maps currently available.Methodology/Principal FindingsAutomation of ID mapping requires bespoke methodological adjustments tailored to the epidemiological characteristics of different types of diseases. Diseases were therefore grouped into 33 clusters based upon taxonomic divisions and shared epidemiological characteristics. Disability-adjusted life years, derived from the Global Burden of Disease 2013 study, were used as a globally consistent metric of disease burden. A review of global health stakeholders, existing literature and national health priorities was undertaken to assess relative interest in the diseases. The clusters were ranked by combining both metrics, which identified 44 diseases of main concern within 15 principle clusters. Whilst malaria, HIV and tuberculosis were the highest priority due to their considerable burden, the high priority clusters were dominated by neglected tropical diseases and vector-borne parasites.Conclusions/SignificanceA quantitative, easily-updated and flexible framework for prioritising diseases is presented here. The study identifies a possible future strategy for those diseases where significant knowledge gaps remain, as well as recognising those where global mapping programs have already made significant progress. For many conditions, potential shared epidemiological information has yet to be exploited.

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The global distribution and transmission limits of lymphatic filariasis: past and present

Cited by 32 publications

References 62 publications

Prevalence of parasites in working pig‐tailed Macaques (Macaca nemestrina) in Kelantan, Malaysia

Prevalence of parasites in working pig‐tailed Macaques (Macaca nemestrina) in Kelantan, Malaysia

Ivermectin: a complimentary weapon against the spread of malaria?

Prioritising Infectious Disease Mapping

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