Inquérito canino em foco recente de leishmaniose tegumentar no Município de Sabará, região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte

Passos, Valéria Maria Azeredo; Andrade, Ana Cristina; Silva, Eduardo Sérgio; Figueiredo, Elizabeth M. de; Falcão, Alda Lima

doi:10.1590/s0037-86821996000400003

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This situation was also observed in the municipality of Vassouras, which was characterized by extensive internal migration, thereby impairing and sometimes preventing the localization of many patients due to constant changes of address, because of the search for work or for less expensive rents. In contrast to the reports of Passos et al (1996), Barbosa Santos et al (1998) and Barbosa et al (1999), symptomatic cases of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis did not necessarily accompany human disease in the present study. Santos et al (2005) observed a high prevalence of canine infection associated with low endemicity of the human disease in an urban area of the municipality of Paracambi, State of Rio de Janeiro, a finding that cast doubt on the importance of dogs in the transmission chain.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Bustamante¹,

Pereira²,

Schubach³

et al. 2009

RBPV

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The objective of the present study was to investigate the dynamics and profile of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) in an old colonization area in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Health departments of municipalities in the Central-Southern region that had notified cases to the Ministry of Health's Notifiable Diseases Information System between 1997 and 2002 were contacted to obtain data. Out of the 119 cases recorded, 51 patients were visited for an interview and inspection of the environment. The cases of ACL exhibited a profile similar to that observed in other Brazilian cities, affecting individuals of both genders, all age groups and different occupational categories, especially students. Risk activities were reported by 56.9% of the interviewees and 84.3% had never left their homeland. Water courses, chicken coops, bamboo plantations and different fruit trees including banana plants and mango trees were frequently observed in the surrounding environment. Most of the interviewees had not noted any environmental changes prior to becoming sick. Domestic animals were present in all homes, but only dogs presented lesions suggestive of the disease. These were on different occasions that rarely preceded or coincided with the human cases. The possible existence of distinct transmission cycles, i.e. one for canines and another for humans, was discussed.Keywords: American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, zoonotic diseases, epidemiology. ResumoEste estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a dinâmica e o perfil da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana (LTA) em uma área de colonização antiga do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As secretarias de saúde dos municípios da Região Centro-Sul que notificaram casos ao Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação do Ministério da Saúde entre os anos de 1997 e 2002 foram contactadas para obtenção dos dados. Do total de 119 casos registrados, 51 pacientes foram visitados para realização de entrevista e observação do ambiente. A LTA exibiu perfil semelhante ao de outras cidades brasileiras, acometendo indivíduos de ambos os sexos, de todas as faixas etárias e diversas categorias ocupacionais, principalmente estudantes. A realização de atividades de risco foi relatada por 56,9% dos entrevistados e 84,3% não se deslocaram do município de residência. No ambiente circundante havia, frequentemente, cursos d'água, galinheiros, bambuzais e diversas frutíferas, entre elas: bananeiras e mangueiras. A maioria dos entrevistados não observou mudanças ambientais anteriormente ao adoecimento. Animais domésticos estiveram presentes em todos os domicílios, mas apenas cães evidenciaram lesões sugestivas da doença em ocasiões diversas, raramente antecedendo ou coincidindo com casos humanos. A possibilidade de existirem ciclos de transmissão distintos, um canino e outro, humano, foi discutida.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Bustamante¹,

Pereira²,

Schubach³

et al. 2009

RBPV

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“…Passos et al 13 realizaram um inquérito em cães no Município de Sabará, Belo Horizonte, obtendo soro prevalência para leishmaniose igual a 3,2% (20/617) pela RIFI, sendo que nenhum destes animais apresentou lesão sugestiva para LTA.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Aspectos sorológicos e epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana canina em Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Uchôa

Serra

Duarte

et al. 2001

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Resumo Foram estudados 261 cães (134 moradias) do Município de Maricá, RJ, Brasil, visando avaliar a resposta sorológica e infecção ativa para leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA). Oito cães apresentaram lesões sugestivas, sendo o isolamento positivo em 3. Pelo ELISA, 24,5% (64/261) apresentaram reatividade (sensibilidade = 66% e especificidade = 76%), estando associado ao isolamento em 2 e 0,4% (1/261) pela imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) sem associação com isolamento. Para a redução de reações inespecíficas no ELISA, utilizou-se um segundo critério para obtenção do cutoff (sensibilidade = 33% e especificidade = 93%), obtendo positividade de 6,9% (18/261) associando-se ao isolamento em um animal. Sete pessoas apresentaram cicatrizes de LTA e uma lesão ativa em tratamento. A não associação da infecção ativa dos cães à sorologia pela IFI e o grande número de resultados inespecíficos encontrado pelo ELISA, restringe o uso isolado destas no diagnóstico precoce da LTA. O encontro de lesões ativas confirma a circulação recente da Leishmania em Maricá, indicando a necessidade de estudos nesta região. Palavras-chaves: Leishmaniose tegumentar. Cães. Sorologia. Diagnóstico. Epidemiologia.Abstract A sample of 261 dogs from 134 households located in a periurban area of Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was studied to evaluate serologic reactions and active infection of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL). Eight dogs presented lesions suggestive of ATL, but this was isolated in only three. Using ELISA, 24.5% (64/261) of the dogs studied were positive (sensitivity = 66% and specificity = 76%), associated with isolation in 2 animals and 0.4% (1/261) by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIF) with no association with isolation. In order to reduce the unspecific reactions to ELISA, a second criterion was used to obtain the cutoff (sensitivity = 33% and specificity = 93%), resulting in a reactivity of 6.9 % (18/261) associated to isolation in a single animal. As observed in this study, serologic results by IIF were not associated with active infection and ELISA showed high unspecific reactions, indicating that the serologic reactions alone are not recommended for ATL diagnosis. ATL scars were been observed in 7 persons in the region and active lesion, under treatment, was observed in one patient. The finding of active lesions, either in dogs or humans, confirmed the existence of active tegumentary leishmaniasis in Maricá, indicating the need for further studies to evaluate the importance of this infection in the municipality.

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“…Similarly, the reported coincidence between households with ACL patients and the presence of infected dogs reflects the fact that humans and dogs are likely to be exposed in the same way to the sandfly vector, but is not evidence for dogs being a reservoir of disease. 68,70,80,92,99,104 Direct evidence for a reservoir role for dogs depends on the measurement of three parameters, which together determine the probability that a domestic dog population plays a significant role in ACL epidemiology: 108 1) the prevalence of ACL infections in dogs; 2) the biting rate of sandfly vectors on dogs; and 3) the infectiousness of ACL-infected dogs to sandfly vectors. Each of these parameters is examined in detail below.…”

Section: Can Dogs Be Incriminated As Reservoir Hosts Of Human Acl?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…84,94,96,116 Similarly, indirect comparisons of sensitivity can also be made by comparing the results for all reported surveys using a specific diagnostic method (Table 2). 38,57,61,[68][69][70]72,73,76,77,80,81,82,84,85,89,90,92,[94][95][96][97][99][100][101]103, Due to their logistic convenience and relatively high sensitivity, serologic tests are the standard tools for identifying Leishmania-infected dogs (Table 2). However, difficulties associated with the interpretation of seroprevalence data are 1) serology is prone to nonspecific cross-reactions (false-positives), e.g., due to Trypanosoma cruzi infection; 136 2) there may be a delay between infection and seroconversion (i.e., a prepatent period); 110,112,113,[137][138][139] 3) a fraction of infected dogs may never seroconvert; 137,[140][141][142] and 4) seroconversion may not be permanent.…”

Section: Can Dogs Be Incriminated As Reservoir Hosts Of Human Acl?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous leishmaniasis? A critical review of the current evidence.

Reithinger

Davies²

1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

133

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Abstract. Originally associated with forested areas, the transmission cycle of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) has now adapted to the domestic environment in at least 9 Latin American countries. Several studies have suggested that the domestic dog (Canis familiaris), which is already incriminated as the primary reservoir host of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), may have a reservoir role in the domestic transmission of human ACL caused by Leishmania braziliensis, L. panamensis, and L. peruviana. This article reviews more than 90 studies reporting ACL infections in dogs, and concludes that as yet there is only circumstantial evidence to support that claim. Almost no data are available on the infectiousness of dogs to sandfly vectors of ACL, and there are few indications that either dog ownership or dog abundance are risk factors for ACL. Nevertheless, it has been proposed that incidence of ACL in humans could be reduced by targeting infected dogs. While this control strategy has been used for many decades against ZVL in Latin America, Europe, and Asia, there is little evidence to demonstrate its effectiveness either in theory or in practice. Particular concerns over the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools, low compliance rates among dog owners, and cost-effectiveness are likely to apply equally to ACL control.The leishmaniases are a group of zoonotic diseases transmitted to humans and animals by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Despite their multiple etiologies, the New World leishmaniases can be divided into two broad categories: zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL).1 The latter includes localized cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis. Whereas ZVL is almost exclusively caused by Leishmania chagasi (L. infantum), ACL is caused by several Leishmania species, of which L. braziliensis is the most widespread. Many sandfly species have been incriminated as vectors of ACL throughout its geographic range, but reservoir hosts have only been identified for L. amazonensis, L. mexicana, L. guyanensis, and L. panamensis, and are unknown or unproven for both L. braziliensis and L. peruviana. 1 Originally associated with forested areas, 2 the transmission cycle of ACL has now adapted to the domestic environment due to deforestation and urbanization. 3,4 The transition from sylvatic to domestic transmission cycle was further encouraged by the lack of a specific leishmaniasis control strategy, and the discontinuation of intervention campaigns designed for other infectious diseases, e.g., malaria. 5,6

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Inquérito canino em foco recente de leishmaniose tegumentar no Município de Sabará, região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte

Cited by 15 publications

References 16 publications

Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Epidemiological profile of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic region in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Aspectos sorológicos e epidemiológicos da leishmaniose tegumentar americana canina em Maricá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Is the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) a reservoir host of American cutaneous leishmaniasis? A critical review of the current evidence.

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