Renal Histopathological Findings in Dogs With Visceral Leishmaniasis

Rigo, Rosangela Silva; Carvalho, Cristiano Marcelo Espínola; Honer, Michael Robin; Andrade, Gisele Braziliano de; Silva, Iandara Shetter; Rigo, Leonardo; Figueiredo, Helen Rezende de; Barreto, Wanessa Teixeira Gomes

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652013000200008

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…A study carried out with 55 CVL‐positive dogs in Brazil, reported mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis as the most common finding, affecting 32.7% of the dogs (Costa et al, ). The findings agree with those from other studies, indicating that renal damage is common in leishmaniasis (Rigo et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Comparative B‐mode and Doppler renal ultrasonography with histopathological findings in dogs positive for canine visceral leishmaniasis

Baltazar

Moura

Pessoa

et al. 2016

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Morphological parameters and renal flow were assessed and measured in six clinically healthy dogs with negative serological and parasitological examinations for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) and six dogs with CVL-positive serological and parasitological tests and asymptomatic condition of the disease. Kidney length and diameter were measured and compared with the aorta/kidney ratio. Alterations in flow were measured using the flow velocity (cm/s) and resistance index (RI). Renal function was assessed by serum biochemical examination (urea, creatine, total proteins, albumin, and globulin) and urinalysis. CVL-positive animals presented heterogeneous kidney echotexture, reduced vascular flow, hypoperfusion, lesser visualization of the arcuate arteries, high RI values (1.06 ± 0.28 for the right kidney and 1.10 ± 0.30 for the left kidney), reduced diastolic flow, and high systolic peak. They also presented positive creatine/RI correlation and between the renal artery vascular flow and kidney diameter. Histopathological analysis of CVL-positive animals was compatible and confirmed hemodynamic changes observed by Doppler ultrasound. The findings in the present study showed that Doppler ultrasonography is a valid method to assess and detect alterations in flow in renal pathological processes with kidney vascular damage, as in the case of leishmaniasis, and can help in the diagnosis of animals with this infection. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:637-645, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although many animals have no perceptible clinical changes, the kidneys are usually affected by injuries caused by visceral leishmaniasis (Rigo et al, ). Thus, glomerulonephritis constitutes one of the major causes of death in dogs positive for CVL (Kerns et al, ; Pickering et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative B‐mode and Doppler renal ultrasonography with histopathological findings in dogs positive for canine visceral leishmaniasis

Baltazar

Moura

Pessoa

et al. 2016

Microscopy Res & Technique

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“…Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was the most frequently observed and was present in 59% of the dogs, a higher value than the 30% observed by Costa et al (2003) and 18% observed by Rigo et al (2013). Glomerular fibrosis was identified in 45.5% of the dogs and also described by other authors (ZATELLI et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…Fibrosis is most likely related to a more chronic stage of CKD (NEWMAN et al, 2009), which explains its occurrence mainly in dogs with uremic syndrome (P=0,045, Mann-Whitney test). Membranous glomerulonephritis was present in 34.4% of the dogs and was also described by Zatelli et al (2003) and Rigo et al (2013), but it was not identified in the studies of Costa et al (2003). It occurs by the deposition of immune complexes on the subepithelial surface of the glomerular basement membrane (SERAKIDES, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and its correlation with renal lesions in dogs with leishmaniosis

Braga

Leite

Rosa

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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To evaluate the prevalence of hypertension and its correlation with the severity of renal injury and proteinuria in dogs with leishmaniosis, sixty-six dogs were divided into two groups. Group 1 (G1) was composed of 54 dogs included in stage 1 of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and group 2 (G2) of twelve dogs in stages 2 and 3 of CKD. Prevalence of hypertension was 28.8%, comprising 22.2% of the dogs from G1 and 58.3% from G2 (P=0.011). The mean arterial blood pressure (BP) of dogs from G1 (135.7 ± 20.5) was lower than from G2 (170.0 ± 26.3) (P <0.001). Urine proteincreatinine ratio (UP/C) revealed values above 0.5 in 75.7% of the dogs, with 34% presenting hypertension. All dogs with hypertension had histopathological and laboratory evidence of glomerular disease. Although there was no statistically significant correlation between elevated BP and the severity of glomerular lesions (P=0.408), there was a statistically significant correlation between elevated BP and increased UP/C in the studied population (P=0.002). Thus, dogs with leishmaniosis and renal disease must be screened for the presence of hypertension so that treatment may be instituted as early as possible, in countries where treatment is allowed, to prevent the progression of renal damage.Keywords: Histopathology, kidney, Leishmania infantum chagasi, systolic blood pressure. ResumoPara avaliar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial e sua correlação com a severidade da lesão renal e proteinúria em cães com leishmaniose, 66 cães foram divididos em dois grupos. O grupo 1 (G1), composto por 54 cães em estágio 1 de doença renal crônica (DRC), e o grupo 2 (G2) por 12 cães em estágios 2 e 3 de DRC. A prevalência de hipertensão foi de 28,8%, compreendendo 22,2% dos cães de G1 e 58,3% dos cães de G2 (p = 0,011). A pressão arterial média (PA) de G1 (135,7 ± 20,5) foi inferior a de G2 (170,0 ± 26,3) (P <0,001). A relação proteína creatinina urinária (P/C U) foi maior que 0,5 em 75,7% dos cães, dos quais 34% possuíam hipertensão. Todos os cães com hipertensão apresentavam doença glomerular. Embora não tenha sido observada correlação estatisticamente significativa entre elevação da PA e severidade das lesões glomerulares (P =0,408), houve uma correlação significativa entre PA elevada e aumento da UP/C (P = 0,002). Portanto, cães com leishmaniose e doença renal devem ser pesquisados quanto à presença de hipertensão, para que o tratamento possa ser instituído o mais precocemente possível em países onde ele é permitido, para evitar a progressão da lesão renal.Palavras-chave: Histopatologia, rim, Leishmania infantum chagasi, pressão arterial sistólica.

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“…In dogs, therapy with amphotericin B deoxycholate reduces serum antibody levels and parasite loads and increases the lymphoproliferative response, but the effects are transitory (78). In addition, renal failure is a common outcome (79), and the drug is not recommended for canine therapy. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B resulted in recovery in dogs, but despite the initial effectiveness, relapses can occur (78, 80).…”

Section: Amphotericin B Deoxycholate and Liposomal Amphotericin Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy and Immunochemotherapy in Visceral Leishmaniasis: Promising Treatments for this Neglected Disease

et al. 2014

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Leishmaniasis has several clinical forms: self-healing or chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis or post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis; mucosal leishmaniasis; visceral leishmaniasis (VL), which is fatal if left untreated. The epidemiology and clinical features of VL vary greatly due to the interaction of multiple factors including parasite strains, vectors, host genetics, and the environment. Human immunodeficiency virus infection augments the severity of VL increasing the risk of developing active disease by 100–2320 times. An effective vaccine for humans is not yet available. Resistance to chemotherapy is a growing problem in many regions, and the costs associated with drug identification and development, make commercial production for leishmaniasis, unattractive. The toxicity of currently drugs, their long treatment course, and limited efficacy are significant concerns. For cutaneous disease, many studies have shown promising results with immunotherapy/immunochemotherapy, aimed to modulate and activate the immune response to obtain a therapeutic cure. Nowadays, the focus of many groups centers on treating canine VL by using vaccines and immunomodulators with or without chemotherapy. In human disease, the use of cytokines like interferon-γ associated with pentavalent antimonials demonstrated promising results in patients that did not respond to conventional treatment. In mice, immunomodulation based on monoclonal antibodies to remove endogenous immunosuppressive cytokines (interleukin-10) or block their receptors, antigen-pulsed syngeneic dendritic cells, or biological products like Pam3Cys (TLR ligand) has already been shown as a prospective treatment of the disease. This review addresses VL treatment, particularly immunotherapy and/or immunochemotherapy as an alternative to conventional drug treatment in experimental models, canine VL, and human disease.

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Renal Histopathological Findings in Dogs With Visceral Leishmaniasis

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Comparative B‐mode and Doppler renal ultrasonography with histopathological findings in dogs positive for canine visceral leishmaniasis

Comparative B‐mode and Doppler renal ultrasonography with histopathological findings in dogs positive for canine visceral leishmaniasis

Hypertension and its correlation with renal lesions in dogs with leishmaniosis

Immunotherapy and Immunochemotherapy in Visceral Leishmaniasis: Promising Treatments for this Neglected Disease

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