Field evaluation of the whole blood immunochromatographic test for rapid bancroftian filariasis diagnosis in the northeast of Brazil

Braga, Cynthia; Dourado, Maria Inês Costa; Ximenes, Ricardo Arraes de Alencar; Alves, Luíz Carlos; Brayner, Fábio André; Rocha, Abraham; Alexander, Neal

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652003000300002

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In such field conditions, reading every card within the time limit may not have been guaranteed. This may in part explain the higher ICT positive prevalence (nine times greater than the mf prevalence) in the current studies than in other studies [27,33,34]. However, taking both ICT and mf positive prevalence together, there is a strong correlation between the results of the two surveys for the 14 health districts as shown through correlation analysis.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

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Lymphatic filariasis mapping by Immunochromatographic Test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in Sierra Leone

et al. 2012

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BackgroundNational mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) was conducted using Immunochromatographic tests (ICT) in 2005 to determine endemicity and geographic spread of the disease. A baseline microfilaria survey was then conducted to determine LF prevalence and microfilaria intensity.MethodsIn 2005 1,982 persons of 15 years and over from 14 health districts were selected and fingertip blood samples were tested with ICT cards. In 2007-8 blood samples were taken between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. and examined for microfilaria (mf) from 9,288 persons from 16 sentinel sites representing each district and 2 additional sites for districts with populations over 500,000 (Bo and Kenema).ResultsThe overall LF prevalence by ICT cards was 21% (males 28%, females 15%). All districts had a prevalence of Wuchereria bancrofti antigen > 1%. Distribution of LF prevalence showed a strong spatial correlation pattern with high prevalence in a large area in the northeast gradually decreasing to a relatively low prevalence in the southwest coast. High prevalence was found in the northeast, Bombali (52%), Koinadugu (46%), Tonkolili (37%) and Kono (30%). Low prevalence was found in the southwest, Bonthe (3%) and Pujehun (4%). The mf prevalence was higher in the northeast: Bombali, 6.7%, Koinadugu 5.7%, Port Loko 4.4% and Kono 2.4%. Overall there was a significant difference in mf prevalence by gender: males 2.9%, females 1.8% (p = 0.0002) and within districts in Kailahun, Kono, Port Loko, Moyamba and Koinadugu (all p < 0.05). The mf prevalence was higher in people > 20 years (2.5%) than in people ≤ 20 years (1.7%) (p = 0.043). The overall arithmetic mean mf density was 50.30 mf/ml among mf-positive individuals and 1.19 mf/ml in the population examined which varied significantly between districts.ConclusionsThe ICT results showed that LF was endemic nationwide and that preventive chemotherapy (PCT) was justified across the country. Both the ICT and microfilaraemia surveys found that prevalence was greater in males than females. The increase in microfilaraemia prevalence by age was evident when grouped as ≤ 20 versus > 20 years demonstrating early exposure. Baseline LF microfilaria load will be used to monitor PCT program progress.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…Several authors have reported that ICT positive prevalence, which detects antigen released by adult W. bancrofti , can be 3-5 times higher than mf prevalence. People can be infected with the disease and still be amicrofilaraemic, which may explain the zero mf prevalence in UWA and Pujehun district in these studies [27,33,34]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphatic filariasis mapping by Immunochromatographic Test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in Sierra Leone

et al. 2012

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“…The W. bancrofti antigen–polyclonal antibody complex binds to the monoclonal antibody, forming a pink line, assessed by direct vision 6,7 . Specificity is 72.4–100%, while sensitivity is 94.7% 8,9 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of filarial antigen and antibody in serum and hydrocele fluid of 100 patients of hydrocele

et al. 2006

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Aim: The present study was carried out to detect an association between isolated non-communicable hydrocoele and filariasis and to provide awareness to positive patients regarding sequel and advising methods for the reduction of morbidity. Methods: Blood samples and hydrocoele fluids were used to detect filarial antigen and antibody by ICT Kit, Trop-bio kit and Sevafilachek Kit. These were followed by statistical evaluation by χ 2 test. Results: 14% of cases were positive for filarial antigen and antibody in hydrocoele patient serum, while 15% of cases were positive for filarial antigen and antibody in the serum of non-hydrocoele patients. Conclusion: Probability is less than 0.05, which is statistically significant.

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“…Nigeria is believed to be the third most endemic country in the world after India and Indonesia [21]. This study provides the prevalence and the burden of Lymphatic filariasis in Northern Taraba focus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Epidemiological Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Northern Taraba Focus, Nigeria

Obadiah¹,

Sambo²,

Alhaji³

et al. 2018

IJIDT

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This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Lymphatic Filariasis in eleven (11) foci communities of northern Taraba state. Blood samples were collected by finger prick method to determine the presence of filarial antigen in serum using immunochromatographic card test. Questionnaires and physical examinations were used to assess clinical manifestations associated with the infection. The result showed that 101/336 (30.02%) were positive for W. bancrofti circulating filarial antigen. The circulating filarial antigen prevalence among the eleven communities differ significantly (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference between antigenaemia positive males (32.0%) and female (27.7%) (χ 2 = 0.491df1, P> 0.05). However, the antigenaemia prevalence among the age groups differs, with ages 51-60 years having the highest prevalence among male and ages 41-50 years among female respectively (χ 2 =11.424, df 6, P<0.05). Chronic clinical manifestation observed include Hydrocoel (17.12%) and lymphoedema of limbs (20.08%). Female had significant proportion of those with lymphoedema (14.8%). The findings showed a high prevalence of the infection which is far above the World Health Organisation threshold level of ≥1% prevalence as well as significant prevalence of clinical manifestations. Therefore integrated intervention programme is required in the study area.

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Field evaluation of the whole blood immunochromatographic test for rapid bancroftian filariasis diagnosis in the northeast of Brazil

Cited by 19 publications

References 21 publications

Lymphatic filariasis mapping by Immunochromatographic Test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in Sierra Leone

Lymphatic filariasis mapping by Immunochromatographic Test cards and baseline microfilaria survey prior to mass drug administration in Sierra Leone

Detection of filarial antigen and antibody in serum and hydrocele fluid of 100 patients of hydrocele

Rapid Epidemiological Assessment of Lymphatic Filariasis in Northern Taraba Focus, Nigeria

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