Flora bacteriana da cavidade oral, presas e veneno de Bothrops jararaca: possível fonte de infecção no local da picada

Jorge, Miguel Tanús; Mendonça, João Silva de; Ribeiro, Lucilene Arilho; Silva, Maria Lucia Ribeiro da; Kusano, Elisa Junko Ura; Cordeiro, Carmen Lúcia dos Santos

doi:10.1590/s0036-46651990000100002

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The five microorganisms most frequently isolated from the three groups in this study were: Salmonella enterica diarizonae (IIIb), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii and Enterobacter cloacae, which corroborates other studies (Arroyo et al 1980, Draper et al 1981, Jorge et al 1990. It is well known that Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

Ferreira

Siqueira²,

Campagner

et al. 2009

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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RESUMO.-[Comparação da microbiota de cascavéis (Crotalus durissus terrificus) de vida-livre e cativeiro.] Este estudo avaliou e comparou a microflora aeróbica da cavidade oral, cloaca e veneno de serpentes Crotalus durissus terrificus recém-capturadas da natureza e mantidas sob quarentena (WQ), mantidas em cativeiro coletivo (CC) e em cativeiro individual (IC). A eficácia de drogas antimicrobianas de agentes isolados foi também avaliada. Foram isolados microorganismos dos grupos I, II e III respectivamente: 29 (63.04%), 38 (90.48%) e 21 (42.86%) da cloaca; 15 (32.61%), 3 (7.14%) e 25 (51.02%) da cavidade oral, e finalmente 2 (4.35%), 1 (2.38%) e 3 (6.12%) do veneno. As bactérias mais frequentes foram Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris e Morganella morganii, com sensibilidade para amikacina, gentamicina, norfloxacina, sulfazotrina e tobramicina. Serpentes mantidas no cativeiro semi-aberto mostraram menor nú-mero de agentes infecciosos em cavidade oral, talvez devido ao ambiente de cativeiro com diferentes gradientes de temperatura, água corrente, ausência de manejo diário, ampla circulação de ar, possibilidade de movimentação pelos animais, limpeza diária e acesso ao Sol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

Ferreira

Siqueira²,

Campagner

et al. 2009

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…23,24,25,26 It is tempting to speculate that crotamine and isoforms 27 or paralogs such as crotasin 28 may have a complementary antimicrobial spectrum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro antibacterial and hemolytic activities of crotamine, a small basic myotoxin from rattlesnake Crotalus durissus

et al. 2011

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Crotamine, a myotoxin from the venom of South American rattlesnake, is structurally related to b-defensins, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) found in vertebrate animals. Here, we tested the antibacterial properties of crotamine and found that it killed several strains of Escherichia coli, with the MICs ranging from 25 to 100 lg ml À1 . Time-kill and bacterial membrane permeabilization assays revealed that killing of bacteria by crotamine occurred within 1 h and reached the maximum by 2 h. Additionally, the anti-E. coli activity of crotamine was completely abolished with 12.5 mM NaCl. Furthermore, the three intramolecular disulfide bonds of crotamine appeared dispensable for its antibacterial activity. The reduced form of crotamine was active against E. coli as well. However, crotamine showed no or weak activity up to 200 lg ml À1 against other species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Crotamine showed no appreciable hemolytic activity to erythrocytes. Our studies revealed that crotamine is also an AMP that kills bacteria through membrane permeabilization. However, crotamine appears to have a narrow antibacterial spectrum, distinct from many classical b-defensins, reinforcing the notion that crotamine originated from the b-defensin gene lineage, but has undergone significant functional diversification.

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“…Among the factors suggested to explain such differences are the particularities of the specimens evaluated, such as the species of snake, its origin, whether it is captive or free-living, its health status, whether or not it has fed recently, and the condition of the prey it feeds on (Jorge et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of the microbiota in the fangs, fangs heath and venom of Bothrops jararaca, reported that the bacterial species most frequently found were: group D streptococci, Enterobacter sp., Providencia rettgeri, Providencia spp., Escherichia coli, Morganella morganii and Clostridium sp., but less frequently Pseudomonas spp., Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Citrobacter spp. (Jorge et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<b>Aerobic bacteria in oral cavity of Lancehead snakes (<i>Bothrops atrox</i>) with stomatitis

Pereira¹,

Gomes²,

Hirano³

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Biol. Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Stomatitis is a common disease found on snake farms, and Gram-negative bacilli are the main etiological agents that play an important role as secondary sources of viral or parasitic infections. The purpose of this work was to identify the aerobic bacteria in the oral cavity of Bothrops atrox with stomatitis. Samples for microbiological examination were collected from 12 snakes bred on a commercial snake farm for venom extraction. Samples of the secretion in the oral cavity of each serpent presenting stomatitis were collected from fang sheath, using a cotton swab with sterile alginate. The samples were incubated and cultured on Petri dishes containing blood agar and XLD agar using the agar depletion technique. Bacterial growth occurred in all analyzed samples collected from the oral cavity of Bothrops atrox with stomatitis, and some of the samples contained more than one microorganism. The following Gram-negative bacteria were isolated: Escherichia coli (26.31%), Citrobacter spp. (21.05%), Proteus spp. (15.78%) and Salmonella spp. (10.52%). The only Gram-positive bacterium that was isolated was Staphylococcus spp., which was present in 26.31% of the analyzed samples.Keywords: bacteriology, infectious diseases, Reptilia, Squamata, Ophidia. Bactérias aeróbicas da cavidade oral de jararaca-do-norte (Bothrops atrox) com estomatite RESUMO.A estomatite é uma das doenças mais frequentes em criatórios comerciais de serpentes, sendo os bacilos Gram-negativos os principais agentes etiológicos com importante papel, como fontes secundárias, nas infecções virais ou parasitárias. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar as bactérias aeróbicas presentes na cavidade oral em serpentes da espécie Bothrops atrox. Utilizaram-se 12 amostras colhidas com auxílio de swab estéril na região da bainha da presa, em serpentes que apresentaram estomatite, em um criatório comercial. As amostras foram cultivadas em Ágar-sangue e Ágar XLD. Em todas as amostras analisadas, houve crescimento de, pelo menos, um microrganismo. As bactérias Gramnegativas isoladas foram Escherichia coli (26,31%), Citrobacter spp. (21,05%), Proteus spp. (15,78%) e Salmonella spp. (10,52%). A única bactéria Gram-positiva isolada foi a Staphylococcus spp., presente em 26,31% das amostras analisadas.Palavras-chave: bacteriologia, doenças infecciosas, Reptilia, Squamata, Ophidia.

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Flora bacteriana da cavidade oral, presas e veneno de Bothrops jararaca: possível fonte de infecção no local da picada

Cited by 45 publications

References 4 publications

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

Comparison of wildlife and captivity rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus terrificus) microbiota

In vitro antibacterial and hemolytic activities of crotamine, a small basic myotoxin from rattlesnake Crotalus durissus

<b>Aerobic bacteria in oral cavity of Lancehead snakes (<i>Bothrops atrox</i>) with stomatitis

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