Consumo de macronutrientes e ingestão inadequada de micronutrientes em adultos

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To estimate energy and nutrient intake and prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake among Brazilian adults. METHODS:Data from the National Dietary Survey, from the [2008][2009] Household Budget Survey, were used. Food consumption was evaluated through food record on two non-consecutive days. A total of 21,003 individuals (52.5% women), between 20-59 years old, participated in the survey. Usual nutrient intake was estimated according to the National Cancer Institute method. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut-off points were used to determine the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake. For manganese and potassium, the Adequate Intake (AI) was used as cut-off. Sodium intake was compared with the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). The probability approach was used to determine the prevalence of inadequate iron intake. The data were analyzed according to the location of the household (urban or rural) and macro regions of Brazil. RESULTS:The mean energy intake was 2,083 kcal among men and 1,698 kcal among women. Prevalence of inadequacy equal to or greater than 70% were observed for calcium among men and magnesium, vitamin A, and sodium among both men and women. Prevalence equal to or greater than 90% were found for calcium in women and vitamins D and E in both genders. Prevalence lower than 5% were found for iron in men and for niacin in men and women. In general, prevalence of inadequate intake was higher in the rural area and in the Northeast region. CONCLUSIONS:Energy intake was higher among individuals who live in urban areas and in the North region. The greatest risk groups of inadequate micronutrient intake were women and those living in rural areas and in the Northeast region.

Inadequacies in the habitual nutrient intakes of patients with metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study

“…The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D, calcium, and magnesium intakes found by the present study is corroborated by other robust Brazilian studies [17, 36]. The results are worrisome, since patients with MS exhibit inadequate intake of nutrients involved in regulatory and antioxidant mechanisms of action, in conjunction with metabolic risks such as high blood pressure [42] and changes in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels [43].…”

“…The mean energy intake of the patients in the present cohort was lower than that found by another study of adult Brazilians [17], and the percentage macronutrient intake was similar to those of healthy individuals from Northeast Brazil [11, 36]. The mean percentage protein intake exceeded the recommended level in both men and women.…”

“…In addition, the intake of calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin E was inadequate in more than 80 % of both men and women [17, 18]. However, studies using statistical methods for known deficiency of nutrient intakes in patients with MS are still scarce in the literature.…”

Beverage consumption in Brazil: results from the first National Dietary Survey

“…Additionally, it should be pointed out that 80% of the fluid milk in Brazil is treated with Ultra High Temperature (67) and marketed in Tetra Pak® packages, which adds cost to the milk. These conditions can help to explain the high prevalence of inadequate calcium consumption, affecting more than 90% of Brazilian adolescents (46; 68; 69; 70) .…”

Brazilian pregnant and lactating women do not change their food intake to meet nutritional goals

“…Moreover, the addition of 10 g of sugar (standardized) to every 100 ml of fruit juice, coffee, coffee and milk, tea and mate (a typical Brazilian tea) was taken into account when the subject reported using sugar as usual and 5 g of sugar for every 100 ml when the subject reported using both sugar and sweetener [15]. …”