Vacina BCG contra tuberculose: efeito protetor e políticas de vacinação

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:The BCG vaccine has been in use since 1921, but still arouses controversy and uncertainties. The objective was to analyze the protective effect of the BCG vaccine in its fi rst and second doses and the accompanying vaccination policies. METHODS:A systematic review of the literature in both English and Spanish was carried out, covering the period 1948 to 2006, using the PubMed database. The main search terms used included BCG vaccine, BCG effi cacy, BCG and tuberculosis. The studies were grouped by design, with the main results from the clinic tests, case-control studies and meta-analyses presented separately. RESULTS:The protective effect of the fi rst dose of the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis in its miliary and meningeal forms is high. However, the results vary in relation to the pulmonary form of the disease, with some indicating zero effect and others levels of nearly 80%. Research is being carried out to develop new vaccines that could substitute the BCG or be used as a booster. CONCLUSIONS:There are evidences that the protective effect of the BCG vaccine does not increase with a second dose. In spite of its limitations and the expectation that a new tuberculosis vaccine will be developed in the future, the BCG vaccine remains an important tool in controlling the harmful effects of tuberculosis, particularly in countries with medium or high incidence levels of the disease.

Profile of tuberculosis patients in Natal-RN, Brazil, from 2010 to 2018: a documentary study

“…In the municipality of Rondonópolis-MT, of 134 tuberculosis patients, 47% were between 35 and 54 years old [19]. Moreover, it was observed that in Natal-RN, there is a low prevalence of individuals with tuberculosis for both genders up to 14 years of age, which may be related to the temporary immunity granted by BCG vaccine [20]. The educational level of tuberculosis patients can be observed below (Table 2).…”

Práticas baseadas em evidências publicadas no Brasil: identificação e reflexão na área da prevenção em saúde humana

“…Thus, there were studies that only focused on the prevalence or incidence of health problem events (I) (12)(13)27,32,45,(47)(48)67,81,(83)(84)(85)(86)90,92) ; others to iden fy and/or associate risk factors (II) ( ; and s ll others to correlate interven ons with preven on, prophylaxis or reduc on of events (III) (14)(15)(17)(18)20,23,33,46,(50)(51)(53)(54)(55)58,62,(64)(65)(68)(69)(70)(71)(72)(73)(74)(75)(76)(79)(80)82,89,91,(93)(94) .…”

Nível de exposição ao Mycobacterium tuberculosis em estudantes de medicina de uma universidade do sul de Minas

“…É importante ressaltar que não existem evidências para a 2ª dose da BCG, suspensa pelo Ministério da Saúde em 2006 2 . Vários estudos sobre revacinação BCG não mostraram proteção conferida pela segunda dose da vacina nos adolescentes e profissionais de saúde [22][23][24] . O estudo não mostrou associação entre a TT positivo e contato com paciente com TB se contrapondo aos dados encontrados em outras pesquisas 8,14 .…”