Relação entre níveis de fluoreto na água de abastecimento público e fluorose dental

Abstract

Relationship between fl uoride levels in the public water supply and dental fl uorosis ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of dental fluorosis among schoolchildren subjected to different fl uoride concentrations in the public water supply of their cities. METHODS:The sample comprised 386 seven-year-old schoolchildren living in two municipalities in the State of São Paulo that practiced external control over the fl uoridation of the water from 1998 to 2002: one with homogenous fl uoride concentration and the other with oscillating concentration. Dental fl uorosis was determined by dry examination of the upper permanent incisors using Dean's index. Scores classifi ed as questionable were considered to represent fl uorosis. Sociodemographic variables and questions regarding oral health were assessed using a structured questionnaire sent to the children's parents or the adults responsible for these children. Correlates of fl uorosis were assessed using multivariate logistic regression (p<0.05). RESULTS:Both municipalities presented a mild degree of fl uorosis. The prevalence of fl uorosis in the municipality with oscillating fl uoride content in the water was 31.4%, and it was 79.9% in the municipality with homogenous fl uoride content. The prevalence of fl uorosis was associated with the municipality with homogeneous fl uoride levels in the water (OR=8.33, 95% CI: 5.15;13.45) and with not owning a car (OR=2.10, 95% CI: 1.27;3.49). CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of dental fl uorosis was higher in the city with better control of fl uoride levels in the water supply, however, this higher prevalence was not related with children's satisfaction with the appearance of their teeth.

Agreement between parents and adolescents on dental fluorosis: a population-based study

“…Changes in the concentrations of fluoride could explain this finding. 16 Although there was no evidence of significant changes in the concentration of fluoride in any of these communities, further studies are needed in these communities.…”

Fluoride concentrations in the water of Maringá, Brazil, considering the benefit/risk balance of caries and fluorosis

“…Both caries 6 and fluorosis 7 are chronic diseases, so the duration of exposure to a low or high Fluoride concentration should be considered. 16 Thus, in terms of the risk of fluorosis, the findings (Table 2) showed that samples within the range of a high risk of fluorosis were found only in two months (3.5% in September and 4% in March). With regard to caries, samples (3.5%) of insignificant anticaries benefit were found only in September.…”

External control of the public water supply in 29 Brazilian cities

“…1,2 Previous studies have examined the relationship between fluoridated water and the occurrence of dental fluorosis. Catani et al 13 evaluated the prevalence of dental fluorosis among schoolchildren in two cities in the state of São Paulo with different means of controlling optimal fluoride concentration in public water supplies; the fluoride concentration was homogeneous in the water of one city and variable in the other. The authors found that most fluorosis was mild, as expected in locations with appropriate fluoride levels, 14 and that the prevalence of fluorosis was higher among children in the city with better control of fluoride concentration.…”