Foco de malária no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil)

Andrade, José Carlos Rehder de; Anjos, Carlos Frederico Dantas; Wanderley, Dalva Marli Valério; Alves, Maria José Chinelatto Pinheiro; Campos, Paulo Cesar de

doi:10.1590/s0034-89101986000400009

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(2 reference statements)

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“…P. falciparum was responsible for two important outbreaks in the 1980s, with nine cases reported in 1981 in the region of São José do Rio Preto and 10 cases in 1984 in Panorama; both outbreaks were in the western region (Andrade et al 1986). …”

Section: Malaria In the Extra-amazonian (Non-endemic) Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Pina-Costa

Brasil

Santi

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

127

171

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Brazil, a country of continental proportions, presents three profiles of malaria transmission. The first and most important numerically, occurs inside the Amazon. The Amazon accounts for approximately 60% of the nation’s territory and approximately 13% of the Brazilian population. This region hosts 99.5% of the nation’s malaria cases, which are predominantly caused by Plasmodium vivax (i.e., 82% of cases in 2013). The second involves imported malaria, which corresponds to malaria cases acquired outside the region where the individuals live or the diagnosis was made. These cases are imported from endemic regions of Brazil (i.e., the Amazon) or from other countries in South and Central America, Africa and Asia. Imported malaria comprised 89% of the cases found outside the area of active transmission in Brazil in 2013. These cases highlight an important question with respect to both therapeutic and epidemiological issues because patients, especially those with falciparum malaria, arriving in a region where the health professionals may not have experience with the clinical manifestations of malaria and its diagnosis could suffer dramatic consequences associated with a potential delay in treatment. Additionally, because the Anopheles vectors exist in most of the country, even a single case of malaria, if not diagnosed and treated immediately, may result in introduced cases, causing outbreaks and even introducing or reintroducing the disease to a non-endemic, receptive region. Cases introduced outside the Amazon usually occur in areas in which malaria was formerly endemic and are transmitted by competent vectors belonging to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus (i.e., Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles aquasalis and species of the Albitarsis complex). The third type of transmission accounts for only 0.05% of all cases and is caused by autochthonous malaria in the Atlantic Forest, located primarily along the southeastern Atlantic Coast. They are caused by parasites that seem to be (or to be very close to) P. vivax and, in a less extent, by Plasmodium malariae and it is transmitted by the bromeliad mosquito Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii. This paper deals mainly with the two profiles of malaria found outside the Amazon: the imported and ensuing introduced cases and the autochthonous cases. We also provide an update regarding the situation in Brazil and the Brazilian endemic Amazon.

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Section: Malaria In the Extra-amazonian (Non-endemic) Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Pina-Costa

Brasil

Santi

et al. 2014

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

127

171

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A maior parte trata-se de relatos bem descritos de focos de autoctonia nas décadas de 80 e 90 [16][17][18][19][20] . Em 2004, foi publicado um estudo sobre os aspectos da vigilância epidemiológica de todos os casos de malária no Estado de São Paulo no período de 1983 a 2003 7 , incluindo considerações sobre a malária autóctone.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Malária autóctone notificada no Estado de São Paulo: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de 1980 a 2007

Couto

Latorre

Santi³

et al. 2010

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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INTRODUÇÃO: A malária autóctone no Estado de São Paulo caracteriza-se por surtos esporádicos na região oeste e transmissão persistente na região leste onde ocorrem casos oligossintomáticos com baixa parasitemia pelo Plasmodium vivax. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: analisar a completitude das fichas de notificação de malária autóctone; estimar a tendência da incidência de casos autóctones no ESP de 1980 a 2007; analisar o comportamento clínico e epidemiológico dos casos em duas regiões de autoctonia neste período. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo com 18 variáveis das FIN de malária do ESP, analisadas em duas regiões e em dois períodos (1980-1993 e 1994-2007). Fontes de dados: SUCEN/SES/SP, SINAN/CVE/SES/SP e DATASUS. RESULTADOS: A completitude foi superior a 85% em 11 variáveis. A tendência da incidência foi decrescente. Foram notificados 821 casos autóctones, 91,6% na região leste, predominando Plasmodium vivax. A infecção assintomática teve maior porcentagem no segundo período (p<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: A completitude das informações foi considerada satisfatória. As diferenças clínicas encontradas merecem atenção da vigilância epidemiológica que deve lidar com o desafio da infecção assintomática por Plasmodium.

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“…Na segunda metade da década de 70 e na década de 80, com o processo de ocupação da Amazônia e a abertura de rodovias nas regiões Norte e Centro-Oeste, observou-se um considerável aumento no número de casos de malária importada na região de Campinas 1 3 19 20 . Apesar da situação estar sob controle, focos ocasionais da doença foram registrados em algumas regiões do Estado de São Paulo, como a de Presidente Prudente onde, no município de Panorama, no ano de 1984 foram diagnosticados 10 casos por P. falciparum 5 .…”

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História, epidemiologia e controle da malária na região de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 1980 a 2000

Alves¹,

Mayo²,

Donalísio

2004

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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It is a retrospective descriptive study about 3314 notified cases of malaria in Superintendência de Controle de Endemias, Campinas, an area that covers 88 cities and 5.366.081 inhabitants, during 80's and 90's. The region data were compared to national statistics looking at disease history and control program impact in endemic areas. It was observed a decrease in notified cases in Campinas region, while over the same period incidence in Amazonia was increasing. The highest prevalence was in men (83%) between 20 and 49 years old, mainly from Rondônia, Pará and Mato Grosso State; 59% were diagnosed in three first days of symptoms. It was suggested the impact of educational campaigns addressed to risk population and health professionals in the Campinas region. In no endemic areas, early diagnostic and treatment are a great challenge because it may extend patient access and proper heath care decreasing lethality and impeding local transmission. It can also facilitate integration among vector control, epidemiologic surveillance and attendance to patients.

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Foco de malária no Estado de São Paulo (Brasil)

Cited by 13 publications

References 1 publication

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Malaria in Brazil: what happens outside the Amazonian endemic region

Malária autóctone notificada no Estado de São Paulo: aspectos clínicos e epidemiológicos de 1980 a 2007

História, epidemiologia e controle da malária na região de Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 1980 a 2000

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