Enraizamento de estacas em cultivares de oliveiras promissores para a Serra da Mantiqueira

Abstract

Cutting rooting of promising olive cultivars for the Mantiqueira RangeCurrently, there is lack of information about cutting rooting of olive cultivars for the highlands of Mantiqueira Range, in Minas Gerais. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rooting of different cultivars using perlite and sand as substrates. Cuttings of cultivars Maria da Fé, Mission, Penafiel, Grappolo 575, Galega, Ascolano 315 and Grappolo 54 were collected in January and prepared with approximately 12 cm in length, 4 mm in diameter and 4 internodes, keeping four leaves in the first two nodes. The cuttings were treated with 3 mg L -1 IBA for five seconds and, then, put to root in plastic trays, containing perlite or sand and kept under intermittent nebulization system in a greenhouse. Both substrates were fertilized with Nippoterra ® , (diluted to 25 g L -1 ), in the rate of 62 mL of solution per liter of substrate. The percentage of cuttings forming callus, rooting and the average number of roots were determined after 61 days. Cuttings of the cultivars Ascolano 315 and Maria da Fé showed the best results. The substrate sand increased the rhizogenic capacity of olive cuttings.

Desempenho de substratos na capacidade de enraizamento de estacas de oliveiras

“…The results found in this study are divergent from those presented by some authors (PENSO et al 2016, OLIVEIRA et al 2012. (2012) verified rooting percentage ranging from 1 to 77% in different substrates and cultivars considered promising for the Brazilian region of Serra da Mantiqueira, PENSO et al (2016) further reports that the percentage of rooting can vary widely within the same cultivar in response to environmental and intrinsic conditions of the plant matrix, such as in rooting of Koroneiki cultivar.…”

“…The greatest limitation for use of sand as a substrate is the difficulty of handling due to excessive weight, especially when wet (OLIVEIRA et al 2012).…”

“…External factors like temperature, light and humidity may be monitored in a controlled environment, such as in a greenhouse, and this is thus a recommended alternative for the olive tree. However, the results found in the literature are not very satisfactory, presenting very low rooting for some cultivars (OLIVEIRA et al 2012).…”

“…In olive trees, auxin is a limiting factor in rooting (KURD et al 2010), with indolebutyric acid (IBA) being the most commonly used. Treatment is normally performed for five seconds at the base of the cutting with a hydroalcoholic solution at the concentration of 2000 to 4000 mg L -1 (PENSO et al 2016), as OLIVEIRA et al (2012, which used 3000 mg L -1 for the rooting of promising semi-woody cuttings of olive tree for the Serra da Mantiqueira region, Brazil. A hormonal balance between synthetic growth promoters and inducers that may raise the auxin level in the tissue is necessary (KHAJEHPOUR et al 2014).…”

Variação na qualidade do azeite em cultivares de oliveira

“…Os resultados foram animadores, do ponto de vista propagativo e fitotécnico, em que se pode viabilizar a propagação da oliveira por estaquia (Oliveira et al, 2010b;2012a) e, ainda, se recomendar informações técnicas visando à produção de frutos (Vieira Neto et al, 2008). Porém, a olivicultura, principalmente em Minas Gerais, não se tornou uma alternativa rentável e viável para os produtores, devido à falta de conhecimento das características agroindustriais das cultivares introduzidas e sua potencialidade econômica de extração e comercialização do azeite produzido.…”