Análise das principais etiologias de deficiência auditiva em Escola Especial "Anne Sullivan"

Abstract

Obj etivo: Determinar as principais etiologias de deficiência auditiva em estudantes da Escola de Ensino Especial para surdos "Anne Sullivan" em São Caetano do Sul e comparar com os dados da literatura mundial. Forma de estudo: Estudo retrospectivo Material e método: Cento e trinta e um alunos da escola no ano de 2001 foram avaliados através de análise de seus prontuários, levando-se em conta dados de anamnese com a família, exame físico otorrinolaringológi-co, avaliação fonoaudiológica e psicológica. Resultados: Dos 131 pacientes, 67 (51%) eram do sexo masculino e 64 (49%) do sexo feminino. A perda auditiva sensorioneural foi a mais encontrada, representando 99% dos casos. Quanto ao grau de disacusia, 65% foi classificado como profundo. Quanto à etiologia, 24% foi classificada como desconhecida e das causas identificáveis a rubéola congênita foi a mais encontrada (22%). Na maioria dos pacientes a suspeita e o diagnóstico foram feitos com 12 meses de idade. Conclusões: A etiologia não definida foi a mais representativa, seguida pela rubéola, e a idade de diagnóstico predominou entre 12 e 30 meses. Aim:The purpose of this study was to determine the etiology of hearing loss in students of "Escola de Ensino Especial Anne Sullivan" at São Caetano do Sul to make a comparison of the results with the literature. Study design: Retrospective study. Material and method: We analyzed the medical history of 131 students in 2001, including the familiar anamnesis, otorhinolaryngological, psychological and audiological examination. Results: In the group, 67 (51%) were males and 64 (49%) females; 99% showed sensorineural hearing loss, 65% classified as profound. Etiological factors: in 24% no cause of hearing impairment could be determined; rubella was found in 22% of the children. The majority of the children had the suspicion and the diagnosis within 12 months old. Conclusions: The undefined etiology was the main finding, followed by congenital rubella. The diagnosis has to be made between 12 and 30 months. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. V.69, n.2, 235-40, mar./abr. 2003 ORIGINAL ARTICLE ARTIGO ORIGINAL «« ««Palavras-chave: perda auditiva, surdez, infância, etiologia.

Alterações auditivas em crianças expostas à toxoplasmose durante a gestação

“…Auditory deficit has been reported in about 20% of cases of congenital toxoplasmosis, especially in children not treated or treated for a very short period 10 . A study with 174 Brazilian children with toxoplasmosis diagnosed and treated early found a 3.4% cochlear loss, a 4.6% conductive loss, and a 3.4% central alteration 11 .…”

Deficiência auditiva na toxoplasmose congênita detectada pela triagem neonatal

“…During childhood, it has a world prevalence of 1/1000 live births 3,4 , being higher (2-4%) among those coming from neonatal intensive care units (ICU) 2,5 . It is associated with genetic and environmental factors; however, in a significant number of children the etiology is unknown 4,6 . Among risk factors for hypoacusis, we have a family history of hearing deficit, craniofacial malformation, genetic syndrome, birth weight below 1000g, asphyxia, hyperbilirubinemia and mechanical ventilation use 5 .…”

“…Hearing losses may be classified according to type (conductive or sensorineural), laterality, symmetry, clinical characteristic (syndromic or not), time of onset (congenital, perinatal or postnatal), hereditary (genetic or not), time of manifestation (prelingual, peri-lingual or post-lingual) 4 . They may also be classified as to intensity in mild, moderate, severe and profound.…”

“…Recently, newborn with HIV are also being included in this risk group 12 . Children with congenital rubella have hearing deficit in up to 20% of the cases 4,9 and those infected by CMV, especially the symptomatic ones, may have it in up to 40% of the cases.…”

“…Hearing loss has been reported in about 20% of the congenital toxoplasmosis cases, especially in untreated children or those treated for a very short period 4,15,16 . Eichenwald (1947), studied children who had not been treated in the first year of life and found hearing loss in 17% (12/70) of those children who had the neurologic form of the disease and in 10% (3/31) of those with the generalized form.…”