Correlation between migraine subtipes and depression

Abstract

-This study has evaluated depression in patients with episodic migraine (n=98), chronic migraine without medication overuse (n=23), and chronic migraine with medication overuse (n=57). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms in these three groups. The mean BDI score obtained in all patients was higher than that observed in asymptomatic subjects (episodic migraine=16.09±11.79, chronic migraine with medication overuse=18.91±12.53, chronic migraine without medication overuse=19.83±14.79). This finding corroborates previous studies suggesting a co-morbid association between migraine and depression. Depression did not seem to be crucial in the transformation of migraine as the median BDI scores did not differ significantly between patients with episodic and chronic migraine. The median BDI scores of the patients with chronic migraine with medication overuse and that patients with chronic migraine without medication overuse were similar as well. Therefore, medication overuse behavior may not be related with depression.Key worDs: migraine, chronic migraine, analgesic abuse, depression. Correlação entre subtipos de migrânea e depressãoResumo -este estudo avaliou a depressão em pacientes com migrânea episódica (n=98), migrânea crônica com uso abusivo de analgésicos (n=57) e migrânea crônica sem uso abusivo de medicamentos analgésicos (n=23). o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB) foi usado para avaliar sintomas depressivos nos três grupos. As médias dos escores de IDB encontradas (migrânea episódica=16.09±11.79, migrânea crônica com uso abusivo de analgésicos=18.91±12.53, migrânea crônica sem uso abusivo de analgésicos=19.83±14.79) foram maiores do que as observadas em indivíduos assintomáticos. Tais resultados confirmam estudos prévios indicando uma relação de comorbidade entre migrânea e depressão. os dados não sugerem que a depressão seja um fator determinante da transformação da migrânea episódica em migrânea crônica, pois nestes dois grupos as medianas dos escores de IDB foram semelhantes. os escores de IDB foram semelhantes entre os pacientes com migrânea crônica com e sem uso abusivo de analgésicos. Portanto, o comportamento de ingerir abusivamente analgésicos não parece estar relacionado com a depressão.PAlAvrAs-chAve: migrânea, migrânea crônica, abuso de analgésicos, depressão.1 headache clinic -escola superior de ciências da saúde de vitória, vitória es, Brazil (eMescAM);

Chronic Pain and Depression in the Quality of Life of Women With Migraine – A Controlled Study

“…Our sample was also similar to the population norms for scores on the BDI 41 . As expected, scores were higher in individuals with migraine relative to controls 42,43 .…”

Increased prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with migraine and interictal photophobia

“…Previous studies have demonstrated an association between migraine, anxiety and depression [ 5 – 10 ]. Researchers have proposed that the relationship between migraine, depression and anxiety is bi-directional, that is that they both influence each other [ 11 , 12 ]. Previous work has also demonstrated that migraine patients are more light sensitive (“photophobic”) than control subjects [ 15 , 21 – 23 ], in some cases even between attacks [ 3 ].…”

“…Several studies demonstrate that the presence of psychiatric co-morbidities is increased in people with migraine, especially depression and anxiety [ 5 – 10 ]. There seems to be a bi-directional relationship between migraine and depression, with each disorder increasing the risk of the other [ 11 , 12 ]. Photophobia also was reported in patients with depression [ 13 ], but the nature of this relationship has not been rigorously studied.…”

Migraine Headaches and Mood/Anxiety Disorders in the ELSA Brazil

“…In Brazil, data regarding the relationship between migraine and mood/anxiety disorders is scarce . One did evaluate the association of headache and psychiatric disorders in a population sample in the city of São Paulo and classified the study participants according to their psychiatric condition using The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview .…”