Manual responses to visual stimuli: early and late facilitatory effects due to the offset of a peripheral cue

Machado-Pinheiro, Walter; Gawryszewski, Luiz G.; Pereira, Antônio

doi:10.1590/s0004-27492003000600013

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…However, incorrect or grossly inaccurate responses on both the 2-choice finger motor task and the prosaccade gap paradigm, respectively, were very rare and excluded from the analyses. For safe generalization across motor domains, the comparability of specific task features appears to also be of importance, such as to what extent the production of very fast responses depends on the gap between fixation and target stimulus and on the complexity of the decision associated with the target stimulus ( Mayfrank et al 1986 ; Iwasaki 1990 ; Fischer and Weber 1993 ; Machado-Pinheiro et al 1998 ; Machado-Pinheiro et al 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deprivation and Recovery of Sleep in Succession Enhances Reflexive Motor Behavior

et al. 2015

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Sleep deprivation impairs inhibitory control over reflexive behavior, and this impairment is commonly assumed to dissipate after recovery sleep. Contrary to this belief, here we show that fast reflexive behaviors, when practiced during sleep deprivation, is consolidated across recovery sleep and, thereby, becomes preserved. As a model for the study of sleep effects on prefrontal cortex-mediated inhibitory control in humans, we examined reflexive saccadic eye movements (express saccades), as well as speeded 2-choice finger motor responses. Different groups of subjects were trained on a standard prosaccade gap paradigm before periods of nocturnal sleep and sleep deprivation. Saccade performance was retested in the next morning and again 24 h later. The rate of express saccades was not affected by sleep after training, but slightly increased after sleep deprivation. Surprisingly, this increase augmented even further after recovery sleep and was still present 4 weeks later. Additional experiments revealed that the short testing after sleep deprivation was sufficient to increase express saccades across recovery sleep. An increase in speeded responses across recovery sleep was likewise found for finger motor responses. Our findings indicate that recovery sleep can consolidate motor disinhibition for behaviors practiced during prior sleep deprivation, thereby persistently enhancing response automatization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deprivation and Recovery of Sleep in Succession Enhances Reflexive Motor Behavior

et al. 2015

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“…The large number of anticipations at long intervals observed herein provides evidence that participants were highly prepared to respond at these intervals. The fact that long but not short intervals are influenced by the introduction of catch trials (Correa, Lupiáñez, & Tudela, 2006; Machado-Pinheiro, Gawryszewski, & Pereira, 2003) lends additional support to the above explanation. In the present study, the increasing probability of the IS at long intervals would be able to create a bias for these intervals, despite the temporal context, thus obviating any contextual difference for long intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 55%

Temporal context manipulations and manual reaction times: The influence of temporal attention on behavioral performance.

Machado-Pinheiro¹,

Tavares²,

Jr.³

et al. 2015

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Manual reaction times (MRTs) are reduced when a warning signal precedes the onset of an imperative stimulus. The decrease in MRTs is modulated by uncertainty about the moment of stimulus occurrence after the warning stimulus. This modulation is related to preparatory mechanisms that occur during the foreperiod between the warning and imperative stimuli. Hence, manipulations within the range of foreperiods influence preparation and thus response latencies. When the moment of the occurrence of the imperative stimulus is highly predictable, volunteers can allocate resources in time to optimize their performance, a mechanism known as the temporal allocation of attention. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of temporal context (i.e., the duration and arrangement of intervals) on MRTs by conducting 2 experiments with different purposes. The first experiment verified which intervals were more susceptible to variations in the temporal context. The second experiment examined whether learning (i.e., practice) that is acquired by volunteers while in a temporal context affects performance if the temporal contexts are changed. Our data showed that short intervals were more susceptible to contextual influences. Participants could implicitly perceive the temporal context of the experiment and used this to optimize performance. Implicit learning obtained during a temporal context influenced response latencies for a period of time, even when the temporal context was changed. Our results complement many aspects of the results reported by other studies and confirm the importance of temporal attention for organizing and optimizing perception and behavioral performance.

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Looking for the GAP effect in manual responses and the role of contextual influences in reaction time experiments

Jr.

Machado-Pinheiro

2004

Braz J Med Biol Res

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When the offset of a visual stimulus (GAP condition) precedes the onset of a target, saccadic reaction times are reduced in relation to the condition with no offset (overlap condition) -the GAP effect. However, the existence of the GAP effect for manual responses is still controversial. In two experiments using both simple (Experiment 1, N = 18) and choice key-press procedures (Experiment 2, N = 12), we looked for the GAP effect in manual responses and investigated possible contextual influences on it. Participants were asked to respond to the imperative stimulus that would occur under different experimental contexts, created by varying the array of warning-stimulus intervals (0, 300 and 1000 ms) and conditions (GAP and overlap): i) intervals and conditions were randomized throughout the experiment; ii) conditions were run in different blocks and intervals were randomized; iii) intervals were run in different blocks and conditions were randomized. Our data showed that no GAP effect was obtained for any manipulation. The predictability of stimulus occurrence produced the strongest influence on response latencies. In Experiment 1, simple manual responses were shorter when the intervals were blocked (247 ms, P < 0.001) in relation to the other two contexts (274 and 279 ms). Despite the use of choice key-press procedures, Experiment 2 produced a similar pattern of results. A discussion addressing the critical conditions to obtain the GAP effect for distinct motor responses is presented. In short, our data stress the relevance of the temporal allocation of attention for behavioral performance.

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Manual responses to visual stimuli: early and late facilitatory effects due to the offset of a peripheral cue

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Deprivation and Recovery of Sleep in Succession Enhances Reflexive Motor Behavior

Deprivation and Recovery of Sleep in Succession Enhances Reflexive Motor Behavior

Temporal context manipulations and manual reaction times: The influence of temporal attention on behavioral performance.

Looking for the GAP effect in manual responses and the role of contextual influences in reaction time experiments

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