Estudo fenológico de Bactris gasipaes Kunth,Euterpe edulis Mart. e Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman no Vale do Ribeira, SP, Brasil

Abstract

-(Phenology of Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Euterpe edulis Mart. e Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman in the Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, Brazil). Aiming at understanding the biology, life cycle and temporal occurrence of the vegetative and reproductive phases of three palm trees, Bactris gasipaes, Euterpe edulis and Syagrus romanzoffiana, in the Ribeira Valley, São Paulo, we recorded the occurence of their flowering, fruiting, leaf fall and leaf flushing. In our 2-year study we observed 15 individuals of each species and vegetative and reproductive events were registered fortnightly. Two reproductive events were observed and they occurred once a year, however differing in reproductive intensity among species and, in the same species, from one year to another. Ripe fruits were observed for a long period (seven consecutive months) even when both precipitation and temperature were low. Bactris gasipaes showed an average of 147 days from the floral spathe opening to the development of ripe fruit, while for Euterpe edulis this process took 280 days, and 174 days for Syagrus romanzoffiana Keywords: Arecaceae, queen-palm, juçara-palm, peach-palm RESUMO -(Estudo fenológico de Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Euterpe edulis Mart. e Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman no Vale do Ribeira, SP, Brasil). As informações fenológicas permitem compreender a biologia das espécies, o seu ciclo vital e sua ocorrência temporal. Objetivando avaliar os eventos fenológicos das palmeiras Bactris gasipaes, Euterpe edulis e Syagrus romanzoffiana, no Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, foram registradas quinzenalmente as fenofases de 15 indivíduos representando cada espécie, durante 24 meses. Dois eventos reprodutivos foram observados, e ocorreram como um evento singular anual, com variações na intensidade reprodutiva entre as espécies e de um ano para outro. A presença de frutos maduros por até sete meses consecutivos, evidenciou-se como uma fenofase duradoura, com disponibilidade inclusive em período com precipitação e temperatura baixas. Em Bactris gasipaes, o processo durou 147 dias desde a abertura da espata floral até o desenvolvimento de frutos maduros, já em Euterpe edulis esse processo demorou 280 dias, enquanto em Syagrus romanzoffiana a duração foi de 174 dias.

Species distribution modeling reveals strongholds and potential reintroduction areas for the world’s largest eagle

“…For instance, hyper-abundant populations of Black Capuchin Monkeys ( Sapajus nigritus ) cause high mortality of an arborescent palm ( Euterpe edulis ) of the Atlantic Forest because they rip out and eat the apical meristem, known as “palmito” [34,35]. This palm species is itself a threatened key species of the Atlantic Forest, and benefits many species of frugivores by producing year-round infructescences, which are particularly important during the annual period of general, community-wide fruit scarcity [36]. Throughout the entire distribution of the Harpy Eagle, various species of capuchins represent the second most common primate prey [37].…”

Fenologia Reprodutiva Da Guariroba Em Jataí-Go

“…A espécie em estudo pode ter a sua floração classificada no grupo subanual, o qual é definido como tendo vários ciclos de floração imprevisíveis durante o ano. A classificação da floração em Arecáceas é variada, sendo de subanual para Copernica prunifera, Rocha et al, (2015) e anual para Butia purpurascens e Euterpe edulise Syagrus romanzoffiana (GARCIA & BARBEDO, 2016;GUILHERME et al, 2015).…”

“…(MIOLA et al, 2010), e Syagrus romanzoffiana Cham. (BEGNINI et al, 2013, FREIRE et al, 2013, GARCIA & BARBEDO, 2016.…”

Estimation of evapotranspiration and single and dual crop coefficients of acai palm in the Eastern Amazon (Brazil) using the Bowen ratio system

“…The reproductive phenological development of the acai palm was analyzed by adapting the scale proposed by Garcia and Barbedo (2016), which presents four reproductive phenological stages: pre-flowering, flowering, green fruits and black fruits, plus one additional maturation stage, as described by Homma et al (2005). The reproductive phenological stages were determined according to the predominant occurrence of a given stage for the total population.…”

“…Inflorescence is composed of the pre-flowering stage, which occurs mainly between November and January and lasts 78 days on average, and the flowering stage, whose peak occurs between the months of January and February and lasts 30 days, on average. Both stages have lowly synchronicity, which favors the prolongation of the fruit crop, as it allows a greater distribution of the maturation phase of acai over a longer period of time (Garcia and Barbedo 2016).…”