Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, is an important disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) and only a few designated resistance genes are known to occur in this crop. A dominant leaf rust resistance gene in the Chilean durum cv. Llareta INIA was mapped to chromosome arm 7BL through bulked segregant analysis using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique, and by mapping three polymorphic markers in the common wheat (T. aestivum) International Triticeae Mapping Initiative population. Several simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, including Xgwm344-7B and Xgwm146-7B, were associated with the leaf rust resistance gene. Resistance response and chromosomal position indicated that this gene is likely to be Lr14a. The SSR markers Xgwm344-7B and Xgwm146-7B and one AFLP marker also differentiated common wheat cv. Thatcher from the near-isogenic line with Lr14a, as well as durum ‘Altar C84’ from durum wheat with Lr14a. This is the first report of the presence of Lr14a in durum wheat, although the gene originally was transferred from emmer wheat ‘Yaroslav’ to common wheat. Lr14a is also present in CIMMYT-derived durum ‘Somateria’ and effective against Mexican and other P. triticina races of durum origin. Lr14a should be deployed in combination with other effective leaf rust resistance genes to prolong its effectiveness in durum wheat.

RESUMO:Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de doses de nitrogênio e fósforo na cultura do Jambu, foi instalado experimento na fazenda experimental da APTA Polo Vale do Ribeira utilizando-se sementes da cultivar Nazaré. Os tratamentos foram conduzidos em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, e quatro repetições dos seguintes tratamentos: quatro doses de nitrogênio, (0; 37,5; 75 e 112,5 kg ha -1 N), quatro doses de fósforo (0; 75; 150 e 300 Kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 ). O solo foi inicialmente preparado recebendo calagem e adubação de plantio conforme recomendação em função da analise de solo. Após essas operações foi feito o transplante das mudas no espaçamento de 0,50 x 0,50 m e aplicado os tratamentos. A área útil da parcela foi de 1,0 m x 1,0 m. Foram analisadas as massas frescas e secas de folhas e flores, e o número de flores. A produção de matéria fresca e seca das folhas e flores foi influenciada pela adubação. Houve efeito das doses de nitrogênio, que proporcionaram aumento linear em todas as variáveis analisadas e, para a adubação fosfatada, a dose com 75 Kg ha -1 de P 2 O 5 proporcionou a maior produção do número de flores e na massa fresca e seca das flores. Palavras-chave: (Acmella oleracea (L) R.K. Jansen) adubação, plantas medicinais.ABSTRACT: Influence of the fertilization with nitrogen and phosphorus in the production of jambu (Acmella oleracea (L) R.K. Jansen). The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the use of nitrogen and phosphorus in the culture of jambu. The experiment was initiated at the experimental farm of the agency APTA Polo Vale do Ribeira, using the Nazaré cultivar. The experimental design was complete randomized with fourlevelsof nitrogen (0, 37.5, 75 and 112.5 kg ha -1 N) and phosphorus (0, 75, 150 and 300 Kg ha -1 P 2 O 5 ),and four reapplications. After soil preparation, liming and fertilization, seedlings of jambu were transplanted at a spacing of 0.50 x 0.5 m. The experimental plot was 1.0 x 1.0 m. Fresh and dry mass of leaves and flowers and number of flowers were analyzed. The production of fresh and dry leaves and flowers were influenced by fertilization. Thelevelsof nitrogen affected the outcome, as theyprovided a linear increase in all variables, and the phosphorus level of 75 kgha -1 P 2 O 5 caused the highest average production in the number of flowers and in the fresh and dried mass of flowers.

A collection of embryogenic diploid calli of Tripsacum was established and treated with colchicine to induce chromosome doubling. Sections containing duplicated cells in calli were identified using flow cytometry and ploidy level was determined in the regenerated plantlets. Tetraploid plants from several origins were obtained. In contrast to wild polyploid plants, which show apomictic development, the regenerated tetraploid plants reproduced sexually. By hybridizing these plants with wild tetraploid apomicts, various populations were established; these will allow a study of the inheritance of apomixis in Tripsacum.

Palms are distinctive plants of tropics and have peculiar allometric relations. Understanding such relations is useful in the case of introduced species because their ability to establish and invade must be clarified in terms of their responses in the new site. Our purpose was to assess the survival and invasive capacity of an introduced palm species in the Atlantic rainforest, Euterpe oleracea Mart., compared to the native Euterpe edulis Mart. and to the hybrids produced between the two species. Considering this, we compared the allometry in different ontogenetic stages, the germination rates, and aspects of the initial development. The ontogenetic stages proposed for both Euterpe illustrated the growth patterns described for palm trees. E. oleracea and hybrids adjusted to the geometric similarity allometric model, while E. edulis presented a slope greater than would be expected considering this model, indicating a greater height for a given diameter. E. oleracea showed the same amount of pulp per fruit as E. edulis and a similar initial development of seedlings. The main differences observed were a lower germination rate and a faster height gain of E. oleracea seedlings. We conclude that E. oleracea, which is similar to E. edulis in aspects of allometry, development, seed and seedling morphology, may be an important competitor of this native palm tree in the Atlantic Forest.Keywords: palms, hybridization, growth model, species introduction. Germinação e alometria de Euterpe edulis comparadas à palmeira introduzida Euterpe oleracea e seus híbridos na floresta Atlântica ResumoPalmeiras são plantas características dos trópicos que apresentam relações alométricas peculiares. Compreender tais padrões pode ser útil no caso de espécies introduzidas, uma vez que sua habilidade de estabelecimento e invasão deve ser esclarecida em relação as suas respostas à nova localidade. Nosso propósito foi compreender a sobrevivência e a capacidade de invasão de uma palmeira introduzida na floresta Atlântica, Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaizeiro) comparada à palmeira nativa Euterpe edulis Mart. (juçara), também considerando seus híbridos. Para isso comparamos suas relações alométricas em estádios ontogenéticos, sua germinação e seu desenvolvimento inicial. Os estádios ontogenéticos propostos para ambas as Euterpe ilustraram os padrões de crescimento esperados para palmeiras. E. oleracea e híbridos apresentaram-se sob o modelo alométrico de similaridade geométrica e E. edulis apresentou inclinação maior do que este modelo. E. oleracea produziu a mesma quantidade de polpa por fruto que E. edulis. As principais diferenças observadas foram menor taxa de germinação e maior velocidade de crescimento em altura para as plântulas de E. oleracea. Em conclusão, nossos resultados indicam que E. oleracea, sendo similar a E. edulis em termos de alometria, desenvolvimento e morfologia de sementes e plântulas, pode ser um importante competidor para a espécies nativa na Floresta Atlântica.Palavras-chave: palmeiras, hibridização, modelo de cres...

-(Phenology of Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Euterpe edulis Mart. e Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman in the Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, Brazil). Aiming at understanding the biology, life cycle and temporal occurrence of the vegetative and reproductive phases of three palm trees, Bactris gasipaes, Euterpe edulis and Syagrus romanzoffiana, in the Ribeira Valley, São Paulo, we recorded the occurence of their flowering, fruiting, leaf fall and leaf flushing. In our 2-year study we observed 15 individuals of each species and vegetative and reproductive events were registered fortnightly. Two reproductive events were observed and they occurred once a year, however differing in reproductive intensity among species and, in the same species, from one year to another. Ripe fruits were observed for a long period (seven consecutive months) even when both precipitation and temperature were low. Bactris gasipaes showed an average of 147 days from the floral spathe opening to the development of ripe fruit, while for Euterpe edulis this process took 280 days, and 174 days for Syagrus romanzoffiana Keywords: Arecaceae, queen-palm, juçara-palm, peach-palm RESUMO -(Estudo fenológico de Bactris gasipaes Kunth, Euterpe edulis Mart. e Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman no Vale do Ribeira, SP, Brasil). As informações fenológicas permitem compreender a biologia das espécies, o seu ciclo vital e sua ocorrência temporal. Objetivando avaliar os eventos fenológicos das palmeiras Bactris gasipaes, Euterpe edulis e Syagrus romanzoffiana, no Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo, foram registradas quinzenalmente as fenofases de 15 indivíduos representando cada espécie, durante 24 meses. Dois eventos reprodutivos foram observados, e ocorreram como um evento singular anual, com variações na intensidade reprodutiva entre as espécies e de um ano para outro. A presença de frutos maduros por até sete meses consecutivos, evidenciou-se como uma fenofase duradoura, com disponibilidade inclusive em período com precipitação e temperatura baixas. Em Bactris gasipaes, o processo durou 147 dias desde a abertura da espata floral até o desenvolvimento de frutos maduros, já em Euterpe edulis esse processo demorou 280 dias, enquanto em Syagrus romanzoffiana a duração foi de 174 dias.