Physical activity as a therapeutic strategy in mental health: an integrative review with implication for nursing care

Abstract

Atividade física como uma estratégia terapêutica em saúde mental: revisão integrativa com implicação para o cuidado de enfermagem La actividad física como estrategia terapéutica en salud mental: una revisión integrativa con implicaciones para la atención de enfermería resumenEl presente estudio es una revisión integrativa que tuvo como objetivo identificar y describir las evidencias científicas acerca del efecto de la práctica regular de actividad física por personas con trastornos mentales. Para la selección de los artículos se utilizó las bases de datos CINAHL, MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Cochrane y Scopus. La muestra de esta revisión consistió en ocho artículos. El análisis de estos resultó en las categorías: obesidad y síndrome metabólica, enfermería especializada, sedentarismo y estilo de vida saludable, apoyo y red social, estímulo a la práctica de actividad física, y ansiedad y actividad física.Los beneficios para la salud física fueron parcialmente determinados por la muestra. Se concluyó que las implicaciones para la atención de enfermería se derivan de la eficacia terapéutica de la actividad física para las personas con trastornos mentales, lo que trae beneficios individuales y colectivos que facilitan la socialización y la promoción del bienestar.

Transtorno afetivo bipolar: determinantes sociais de saúde, adesão ao tratamento e distribuição espacial [Bipolar affective disorder: health social determinants, adherence to treatment and space distribution] [Trastorno afectivo bipolar: determinantes sociales de la salud, adherencia al tratamiento y distribución del espacio]

“…Outro estudo demonstra que ser solteiro e não ter filhos são fatores que contribuem para a não adesão ao tratamento, seja pelo fato de terem uma menor rede de apoio que lhes impulsionem a seguir o tratamento e/ou pela dificuldade de monitorarem sozinhos sinais e sintomas de possíveis crises 15 .…”

Care strategies adopted by nurses for the implementation of Psychosocial Care Centers

“…It is important to highlight the nursing when prioritizing relational technologies of care, such as bonding, fostering, co-responsibility, developing competencies to contemplate the multi-dimensions and complexities of the person with mental disordersbiopsychosocial, spiritual, economic and cultural (4)(5)(6)15) .…”

“…The data were analyzed based on articles and books on the topic, with emphasis on the internationally known concepts of deinstitutionalization and psychosocial rehabilitation. Thus, it is understood that deinstitutionalization is a process that must reach out to the people of society in terms of abandoning culturally diffused concepts as well as practices of the biomedical and asylum model characteristic of traditional psychiatry (1,5,10) .…”

“…The substitution model for the asylum led to the development of other practices, associated to the establishment of a therapeutic relationship due to those of traditional psychiatry, which were insufficient for patients demands, whose results over the years were a high degree of chronification (4)(5) .…”

“…The nurse needed to have other care strategies to act in a Psychosocial Care device, such as relational technologies -bonding, fostering, and co-responsibility. Working only with traditional and technicist practices linked to the hospital-centered model implied a risk of reproducing the asylum context in a psychosocial rehabilitation service (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) . The use of subjective tools is part of a complex but less technical treatment, in accordance with the Psychiatric Reform movement (2,5) .…”