Armadilha da identidade e crítica ao empreendedorismo social: a exploração da opressão

Abstract

Resumo: Objetiva-se refletir sobre como o desdobramento das questões identitárias encontrou terreno fértil para difusão social ao ser combinado com a ideologia do empreendedorismo, como se a solução para as opressões passasse pela disseminação de um pretenso espírito empreendedor como meio de inclusão das minorias sociais que historicamente têm tido dificuldades para vender e reproduzir sua força de trabalho. Tais práticas culminaram o chamado empreendedorismo social que engloba variantes como empreendedorismo negro, na favela, feminino, entre outros e que vem sendo aludido por setores progressistas como uma ação inclusiva e de combate ao preconceito. Dentre as reflexões, demonstra-se que se trata da expressão da conjugação eficaz do capital ao se valer da opressão constituída historicamente para ampliar a exploração e alerta-se, que desconsiderar as condições materiais de existência, ocultando a ampliação da exploração dessas populações, pode se tornar uma armadilha que amplia a opressão, eis a armadilha da identidade.

From Need to Power, Entrepreneurship in G10 Favelas - (RE) Knowledge and Intelligibility of Alternative Social Practices

“…From the perspective of contributing to the deepening of the theme "social entrepreneurship" in favelas, based on the Brazilian experience of the "G10 Favelas", thematic analysis was undertaken with the support of the definition of the metacategories "entrepreneurship", "solidarity principle", "specific and effective public policies", "alternatives to the absence of public power/State", "(des)employment", "favela e o Desenvolvimento", "favela as powerhouse", "favela as deficiency", "factors of development", "socioeconomic networks".Thematic analysis starts from the constructivist approach, and advances in the perspective of situating experiences and narratives the social, economic, cultural and political context of a social fabric known as favelas, which reveal weaknesses in the process of development and urbanization of cities, in particular, of the capitals and large Brazilian cities. In this occasion, it seeks to understand social entrepreneurship not as ideology, in analytical considerations that merit deepening the debate under the neoliberal lens, as Ferraz (2022) suggests, but, only, the concrete and urgent need to survive, which centralizes the efforts of the G10.…”

“…In the international scenario, the research of Hota, Subramanian and 3 Narayanamurthy (2020), Gabriel-Alexandru (2022) and Grilo e Moreira (2022) show the urgency by precise definitions; and in the national, research by Xavier et al, (2014), Vaz, Teixeira and Olave (2015), and Seba and Casagranda (2016), highlight the social contribution of the actions. In Brazil, still, Ferraz (2022) sustains criticism of the approach to entrepreneurship from the neoliberal point of view, when arguing about the expansion of oppression and exploitation engendered by progressive sectors. Thus, the logic of capital enters the process and social entrepreneurship, which encompasses variants such as black entrepreneurship, in the favela, female, among others, assumes an inclusive version and fights prejudice.…”

“…It is also worth noting that there are more than 18 million people living in favelas in Brazil, according to a survey carried out in 2021 by Instituto Locomotiva, Data Favela and Central Única de Favelas (CUFA). On a different path from Ferraz (2022), the authors say that there is a permanent creation and self-creation movement in the communities, or favelas, that produces, on a daily basis, entrepreneurial networks that sustain themselves and reinvent themselves historically. Additionally, Martins (2015Martins ( , p. 1263, when reviewing the work of Fernandes (2014) informs that favelas are "a territory marked by the stigma of poverty and illegality and under the concentration of a so-called "dangerous class", that is, space for creative connections of entrepreneurship, based on new proposals for visibility and social intervention.…”